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La colaboración remota fusiona menos ideas innovadoras
Yiling Lin1, Carl Benedikt Frey2,3, Lingfei Wu4
1School of Computing and Information, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Nature
|November 29, 2023
Resumen
La colaboración remota dificulta los descubrimientos innovadores. Los equipos distribuidos, a pesar de la mayor conectividad global, son menos innovadores que los equipos co-localizados, especialmente en la conceptualización de nuevas ideas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Estudios de innovación
- Sociología de la Ciencia
- Ciencia de las redes
Sus antecedentes:
- Las teorías de innovación destacan las redes sociales y los equipos para los avances.
- La interconectividad científica e inventora global está en su punto más alto.
- A pesar del aumento de la conectividad, encontrar nuevas ideas es cada vez más difícil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto de la colaboración remota en los avances científicos y de los inventores.
- Analizar la división del trabajo en la producción de conocimiento dentro de equipos distribuidos.
- Para conciliar la paradoja del aumento de la conectividad y la disminución de la novedad.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 20 millones de artículos de investigación y 4 millones de solicitudes de patentes en todo el mundo durante 50 años.
- Documentación del aumento de la colaboración remota y su distribución geográfica.
- Creación de un conjunto de datos para examinar la producción de conocimientos y la asignación de tareas en equipos.
Principales resultados:
- La colaboración remota ha aumentado significativamente a nivel mundial.
- Los investigadores en equipos remotos tienen menos probabilidades de lograr descubrimientos innovadores en comparación con los equipos in situ.
- Los equipos distribuidos colaboran más en tareas técnicas de última etapa (conocimiento codificado) pero menos en tareas conceptuales de primera etapa (conocimiento tácito).
Conclusiones:
- A pesar de los avances en la tecnología digital, la colaboración remota impide la integración de diversos conocimientos para la innovación disruptiva.
- La naturaleza de la colaboración en equipos remotos favorece el conocimiento codificado sobre el conocimiento tácito, lo que limita la novedad.
- La distribución geográfica en equipos científicos e inventores puede ser un factor clave en la disminución observada en los descubrimientos innovadores.
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