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Dos teosintes hicieron el maíz moderno

Ning Yang1,2,3, Yuebin Wang1, Xiangguo Liu4

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

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|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El maíz moderno se originó de una mezcla entre el maíz antiguo y Zea mays ssp. La mexicana en México. Esta mezcla moldeó significativamente la diversidad y los rasgos agronómicos del maíz, aclarando su historia evolutiva.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • * Genética vegetal y biología evolutiva.
  • * Ciencias agrícolas y domesticación de cultivos.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El origen del maíz (Zea mays) se ha debatido durante un siglo, y los modelos genéticos y arqueológicos existentes no pueden explicar todos los datos.
  • Las investigaciones recientes sugieren un papel para el pariente silvestre Zea mays ssp. mexicana en la evolución del maíz.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • * Para aclarar el origen del maíz moderno utilizando el análisis genético de la población.
  • * Investigar la contribución de la mezcla a la diversidad del maíz y a la variación de los rasgos agronómicos.

Principales métodos:

  • * Análisis genético de la población de maíz.
  • * Análisis de los patrones de mezcla en relación con la domesticación y la dispersión.

Principales resultados:

  • El maíz moderno se originó a partir de un evento de mezcla entre el maíz antiguo y Zea mays ssp. mexicana en las tierras altas de México.
  • Esta mezcla se produjo aproximadamente 4000 años después de que comenzara la domesticación del maíz.
  • * La variación de la mezcla es un factor crítico tanto en la diversidad genética individual como en la base genética de los rasgos agronómicos.

Conclusiones:

  • * El estudio aclara el complejo origen del maíz moderno, destacando la importancia de la hibridación con Zea mays ssp. Es mexicana.
  • * Los hallazgos impulsan nuevas investigaciones sobre los mecanismos de dispersión del maíz en las Américas impulsados por el hombre.