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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Polímeros fosforescentes de ingeniería macromolecular multifuncional a temperatura ambiente mediante desactivación

Ruoqing Zhao1, Chen Wang1, Keer Huang1

  • 1Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 30, 2023
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevos copolímeros de gradiente (GCP) para polímeros fosforescentes avanzados a temperatura ambiente (RTP). Estos materiales funcionales ofrecen propiedades mecánicas ajustables y capacidades de autocuración sin sacrificar la emisión de luz.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia e ingeniería de polímeros
  • Química de los materiales
  • La fotofísica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El desarrollo de polímeros fosforescentes a temperatura ambiente (RTP) con estructuras controladas y múltiples funcionalidades es un desafío.
  • Los polímeros RTP existentes a menudo carecen de propiedades mecánicas ajustables o capacidades de autocuración.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Sintetizar polímeros RTP con arquitecturas macromoleculares bien definidas y funcionalidades mejoradas.
  • Para crear materiales con capacidad de estiramiento ajustable, curabilidad intrínseca y rendimiento RTP sostenido.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó la polimerización radical de desactivación reversible para crear arquitecturas de copolímero de gradiente (GCP).
  • GCP diseñados con heterogeneidades controladas, combinando segmentos duros y flexibles.
  • Investigó el autoensamblaje en nanoestructuras multifásicas y caracterizó las propiedades mecánicas y fotofísicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se obtiene un rendimiento mecánico ajustable, con un alargamiento en la ruptura del 5,0% al 221,7% y un módulo de Young de 0,5 a 225,0 MPa.
  • Demostró un excelente rendimiento RTP y curabilidad intrínseca.
  • Emisión de luz mantenida bajo estiramiento, mostrando capacidades multifuncionales.

Conclusiones:

  • La arquitectura de copolímero gradiente proporciona una plataforma versátil para el diseño de polímeros RTP avanzados.
  • Los materiales desarrollados exhiben una combinación única de propiedades mecánicas sintonizables, de autocuración y de fosforescencia robusta.
  • Este trabajo abre nuevas vías para materiales fosforescentes funcionales en diversas aplicaciones.