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Epidemiología del VIH, prevención, tratamiento y estrategias de aplicación para la salud pública

Aaloke Mody¹, Annette H Sohn², Collins Iwuji³

¹Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Lancet (London, England)

|December 3, 2023

Resumen

Los avances en la prevención y el tratamiento del VIH ofrecen nuevas esperanzas, pero el acceso equitativo sigue siendo un desafío fundamental. Las futuras estrategias deben abordar las disparidades y utilizar los datos para poner fin a la epidemia de VIH a nivel mundial.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Enfermedades infecciosas
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

La respuesta global al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) ha logrado un progreso significativo, pero se enfrenta a nuevos desafíos.
Las innovaciones en la prevención y el tratamiento del VIH, incluidas las formulaciones de acción prolongada, están ampliando las opciones terapéuticas.
A pesar de los avances científicos, las disparidades en el acceso y la utilización obstaculizan el pleno potencial de las intervenciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las tendencias epidemiológicas actuales del VIH y los avances científicos en la prevención, el tratamiento y la prestación de atención.
Discutir los desafíos emergentes y las estrategias para poner fin a la epidemia del VIH en la próxima década.
Proporcionar información relevante para los médicos generales y los profesionales de la salud involucrados en la atención del VIH.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de las tendencias epidemiológicas del VIH.
Análisis de las innovaciones científicas en la prevención y el tratamiento del VIH.
Discusión de los desafíos en el acceso equitativo y la aplicación de las intervenciones.

Principales resultados:

Hay múltiples opciones de tratamiento y prevención del VIH seguras, efectivas y duraderas, con formulaciones de acción más prolongada en el horizonte.
La investigación sobre la cura y la remisión del VIH está avanzando, aunque los umbrales de éxito siguen siendo inciertos.
Persisten importantes disparidades en el acceso y la adopción de las innovaciones, especialmente entre las poblaciones clave y marginadas.

Conclusiones:

Se necesitan herramientas epidemiológicas más precisas y datos centrados en la persona para identificar y abordar las lagunas restantes en la respuesta al VIH.
La priorización de estrategias que aborden los desafíos socioconductuales es crucial para la implementación equitativa y efectiva de las intervenciones contra el VIH.
Abordar las disparidades y mejorar la calidad de la aplicación es esencial para poner fin a la epidemia de VIH a nivel mundial.

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