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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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00:57Inclusive Fitness
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01:29Non-nuclear Inheritance
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01:29Nondisjunction
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01:49Hardy-Weinberg Principle
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02:03Law of Independent Assortment
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Mejorar la equidad en el inventario de patentes
Colleen V Chien1, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette2
1Berkeley Law and Berkeley Center for Law and Technology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 7, 2023
Resumen
Ampliar el reconocimiento de los inventores puede alentar a más personas a participar en la innovación. Este enfoque tiene por objeto fomentar una mayor participación en el proceso inventivo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias sociales
- Las economías
- Estudios de innovación
Sus antecedentes:
- Es posible que los sistemas actuales de reconocimiento de invenciones no reflejen adecuadamente todas las contribuciones.
- El reconocimiento limitado puede ser una barrera para la entrada de diversos innovadores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar el impacto de la ampliación del crédito por invención en la participación.
- Identificar los mecanismos a través de los cuales un crédito más amplio influye en la participación en la innovación.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos de patentes y métricas de reconocimiento de inventores.
- Encuestas y estudios de casos sobre los ecosistemas de innovación.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios indican una correlación positiva entre la expansión del crédito al inventor y el aumento de la participación.
- Diversos grupos muestran un mayor compromiso cuando sus contribuciones son reconocidas formalmente.
Conclusiones:
- Ampliar el alcance de quién recibe el crédito por la invención es una estrategia viable para impulsar la innovación.
- La política y la práctica deben considerar métodos más inclusivos para reconocer las contribuciones inventivas.