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La enfermedad de Chagas
Andréa Silvestre de Sousa1, Debbie Vermeij2, Alberto Novaes Ramos3
1Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 10, 2023
Resumen
La enfermedad de Chagas sigue siendo un problema de salud mundial debido a la alta carga y las rutas de transmisión emergentes. Las nuevas estrategias son vitales para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el control en un mundo globalizado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades tropicales desatendidas
- Seguridad de la salud mundial
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Chagas presenta un importante desafío de salud pública mundial, caracterizado por una morbilidad y mortalidad sustanciales.
- A pesar de la disponibilidad de tratamiento y los esfuerzos de control de transmisión, los cambios epidemiológicos como la urbanización y la globalización, junto con las nuevas rutas de transmisión (orales, verticales), lo reclasifican como una enfermedad emergente.
- Los obstáculos significativos en el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la atención conducen a casos insuficientemente reportados, lo que dificulta el desarrollo efectivo de políticas públicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resaltar la evolución de la enfermedad de Chagas como una amenaza emergente para la salud mundial.
- Subrayar las limitaciones de las herramientas diagnósticas y terapéuticas actuales.
- Abogar por la vigilancia integrada y las intervenciones políticas que aborden los determinantes sociales.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las tendencias y desafíos epidemiológicos actuales en la gestión de la enfermedad de Chagas.
- Análisis de las barreras para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el acceso a la atención sanitaria.
- El énfasis en el enfoque de una sola salud y los determinantes sociales de la salud.
Principales resultados:
- La enfermedad de Chagas se reconoce cada vez más como una enfermedad emergente debido a los cambios epidemiológicos mundiales y las nuevas vías de transmisión.
- Las opciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento existentes presentan limitaciones, lo que restringe el acceso a la atención médica.
- La vigilancia integrada, la participación de la comunidad y el tratamiento de los determinantes sociales son cruciales para un control eficaz.
Conclusiones:
- La enfermedad de Chagas requiere estrategias de salud pública actualizadas debido a su naturaleza emergente y sus desafíos persistentes.
- La validación de nuevas herramientas de diagnóstico y tratamientos es esencial para mejorar el acceso de los pacientes a la atención.
- Un marco de salud que incorpore la participación de la comunidad y la mitigación de los determinantes sociales es fundamental para el control global de la enfermedad de Chagas.
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