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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems01:18

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The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Cuadros orgánicos covalentes de polifenileno cristalino

Xing Han1,2, Zihui Zhou1,2, Kaiyu Wang1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 18, 2023
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Se sintetizaron nuevos marcos orgánicos covalentes de polifenileno porosos (COF) y se encontró que eran químicamente estables. Estos materiales presentan prometedoras capacidades de absorción de dióxido de carbono del aire y los gases de combustión.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química orgánica
  • Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las estructuras orgánicas covalentes (COF) son polímeros porosos cristalinos con propiedades sintonizables.
  • El desarrollo de COF robustos para aplicaciones ambientales como la captura de carbono es un área de investigación clave.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para sintetizar nuevos polifenoles cristalinos mediante el uso de unidades de construcción fluoradas.
  • Investigar las propiedades estructurales, químicas y de captura de CO2 de los COF sintetizados.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis a través de la ciclotrimerización por aldol del tris ((4-acetilfenil) benceno fluorado.
  • Caracterización estructural mediante difracción de rayos X en polvo, FTIR y espectroscopia de RMN en estado sólido 13C CP/MAS.
  • Evaluación de la estabilidad química en condiciones adversas y estudios de absorción de CO2 en COF modificados postsintheticamente.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han sintetizado con éxito dos COF de polifenileno cristalino.
  • Los COF demostraron una alta porosidad y una excelente estabilidad química en entornos corrosivos durante más de una semana.
  • Los COF modificados post-sintéticamente mostraron una absorción significativa de CO2 del aire ambiente y de los gases de combustión.

Conclusiones:

  • Los FOC de polifenileno sintetizados son materiales robustos y estables.
  • Estos COF representan candidatos prometedores para las tecnologías de captura de carbono.
  • La ciclotrimerización de Aldol es un método eficaz para crear estructuras estables de COF.