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Significado funcional y evolutivo de genes desconocidos de taxones no cultivados

Álvaro Rodríguez Del Río¹, Joaquín Giner-Lamia^1,2,3, Carlos P Cantalapiedra¹

¹Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.

|December 18, 2023

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron más de 400.000 nuevas familias de genes en microbios no cultivados, ampliando significativamente nuestra comprensión de la genética y la evolución microbiana. Este nuevo catálogo ofrece información sobre las características microbianas y los posibles biomarcadores de enfermedades.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
La genómica
La bioinformática

Sus antecedentes:

La gran diversidad genética microbiana permanece inculta y poco estudiada, lo que limita las ideas funcionales y evolutivas.
Los estudios metagenómicos a menudo pasan por alto el material genético de organismos no cultivados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para crear un catálogo completo de nuevas familias de genes de procariotas no cultivadas.
Para explorar el significado funcional y evolutivo de estos nuevos genes.
Identificar posibles biomarcadores y nuevas funciones biológicas.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de 149.842 genomas del medio ambiente.
Compilación de un catálogo curado de 404.085 familias de genes novedosos (FESNov) funcionalmente y evolutivamente significativos.
Análisis del contexto genómico, alineaciones estructurales y validación experimental.

Principales resultados:

Identificó 404.085 familias de genes FESNov, casi triplicando las familias de genes bacterianos y arqueos conocidos.
Descubrió 1.034 nuevas familias que distinguen taxones microbianos no cultivados.
Funciones previstas para el 32,4% de las familias FESNov, incluidos nuevos péptidos antimicrobianos y genes de motilidad celular.
Se identificaron biomarcadores potenciales para el cáncer colorrectal utilizando nuevos perfiles de abundancia de la familia de genes.

Conclusiones:

El catálogo de FESNov expande significativamente las familias de genes conocidas en bacterias y arqueas.
Las nuevas familias de genes proporcionan información sobre la evolución microbiana y los rasgos específicos del clado.
Este recurso mejora los estudios metagenómicos y nuestra comprensión de la vida microbiana no cultivada, con aplicaciones potenciales en el diagnóstico.

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