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100 genomas antiguos muestran cambios de población repetidos en la Dinamarca neolítica

Morten E Allentoft^1,2, Martin Sikora³, Anders Fischer^4,5

¹Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. morten.allentoft@curtin.edu.au.

|January 10, 2024

Resumen

El ADN antiguo revela Dinamarca

Área de la Ciencia:

La paleogenómica
Arqueogenética
La prehistoria europea

Sus antecedentes:

Los eventos de migración del Holoceno Eurasia se caracterizan genéticamente en amplias escalas.
La falta de datos genómicos antiguos de alta resolución en las zonas de contacto limita las ideas sobre la dinámica de la población.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analicen genomas antiguos de Dinamarca que abarcan 7.300 años.
Integrar los datos genómicos con la dieta, la movilidad y los proxies de vegetación.
Reconstruya la dinámica de la población durante el Mesolítico, el Neolítico y la Edad del Bronce Temprana.

Principales métodos:

Secuencia de escopeta de 100 esqueletos antiguos.
Análisis de isótopos estables (13C, 15N) para la dieta.
Relaciones de isótopos de estroncio (87Sr/86Sr) para la movilidad.
Análisis del polen para la cubierta vegetal.

Principales resultados:

Los cazadores-recolectores daneses del Mesolítico (Maglemose, Kongemose, Ertebølle) formaron un grupo distinto y genéticamente homogéneo.
La abrupta transición neolítica con agricultores derivados de Anatolia condujo a una rotación de la población, una mezcla mínima de cazadores-recolectores locales.
El segundo reemplazo rápido por la ascendencia derivada de la estepa (cultura de la tumba única) ocurrió después de la cultura del Funnel Beaker.

Conclusiones:

Los principales cambios demográficos en Dinamarca se caracterizaron por cambios paralelos en la genética, la dieta, la movilidad y el uso de la tierra.
Los reemplazos de población fueron rápidos y alteraron significativamente el paisaje genético.
La genómica antigua combinada con datos multiproxy proporciona información de alta resolución sobre la historia de la población europea.

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