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Aceleración ubicua en el parto de la capa de hielo de Groenlandia desde 1985 hasta 2022
Chad A Greene1, Alex S Gardner2, Michael Wood3
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. cgreene@jpl.nasa.gov.
Nature
|January 17, 2024
Resumen
Groenlandia
Área de la Ciencia:
- Glaciología
- Ciencias del clima
- Ciencias del Sistema Terrestre
Sus antecedentes:
- Los glaciares de Groenlandia se están adelgazando y retrocediendo, lo que contribuye al aumento global del nivel del mar.
- El retroceso del frente de parto tiene un impacto significativo en el equilibrio de masa de la capa de hielo y el clima global.
- La comprensión de los cambios terminales es crucial para evaluar con precisión el impacto del cambio climático.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar el impacto de la retirada del frente de parto en el balance de masa de la capa de hielo de Groenlandia.
- Generar un conjunto de datos a largo plazo de alta resolución de la extensión de la capa de hielo de Groenlandia.
- Evaluar la subestimación de la pérdida de masa en los modelos climáticos actuales.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones combinadas del extremo del glaciar manuales y derivadas de la IA (1985-2022).
- Generó una máscara mensual de extensión de capa de hielo de 120 m de resolución.
- Área y pérdida de volumen analizadas debido al retroceso del frente de parto.
Principales resultados:
- La capa de hielo de Groenlandia perdió 5.091 km2 de área y 1.034 Gt de hielo desde 1985.
- El retroceso del frente de parto se ha subestimado hasta en un 20% en las estimaciones actuales del balance de masa.
- El retroceso estacional (193 km2/63 Gt anuales) se correlaciona con el retroceso multidecadal, lo que indica la sensibilidad del glaciar.
Conclusiones:
- El retroceso del frente de parto es un factor crítico y subestimado en la pérdida de hielo de Groenlandia.
- La variabilidad de terminación estacional puede predecir la sensibilidad del glaciar al cambio climático a largo plazo.
- Las evaluaciones precisas del balance de masas requieren la incorporación de la dinámica del frente de parto.
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