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Examen de detección de retraso y trastornos del habla y el lenguaje en niños: Declaración de recomendación del Grupo
, Michael J Barry1, Wanda K Nicholson2
1Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|January 23, 2024
Resumen
La evidencia actual es insuficiente para determinar los beneficios y los daños de la detección de retrasos en el habla y el lenguaje en niños pequeños sin síntomas. Se necesita más investigación para guiar las estrategias de detección y intervención tempranas para estos trastornos del desarrollo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pediatría
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los retrasos en el habla y el lenguaje afectan el aprendizaje y la alfabetización de los niños.
- La identificación temprana es crucial para la intervención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los beneficios y los daños de la detección de retraso del habla y del lenguaje en niños de 5 años o menos.
- Informar las directrices para los servicios de prevención.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática encargada por el Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF).
- Centrado en niños asintomáticos de 5 años o menos sin preocupaciones de los padres o del médico.
Principales resultados:
- Las pruebas son insuficientes para evaluar el balance de beneficios y perjuicios del cribado.
- No hay conclusiones definitivas sobre la eficacia o los riesgos del cribado universal.
Conclusiones:
- El USPSTF encontró evidencia insuficiente para la detección de niños asintomáticos.
- Se requiere más investigación para establecer directrices de detección para el desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje en la primera infancia.
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