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Los diagnósticos de cáncer después de la pérdida de peso reciente
Qiao-Li Wang1,2, Ana Babic1, Michael H Rosenthal3,4
1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|January 23, 2024
Resumen
La pérdida de peso inexplicable en los profesionales de la salud está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer en el año siguiente. Esta asociación es particularmente fuerte para los cánceres del tracto gastrointestinal superior.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Epidemiología
- La medicina preventiva
Sus antecedentes:
- La pérdida de peso inexplicable es una observación clínica común.
- La asociación entre la pérdida de peso reciente y el riesgo subsiguiente de cáncer sigue sin estar clara.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las tasas de diagnóstico de cáncer en profesionales de la salud que experimentan pérdida de peso.
- Para comparar la incidencia de cáncer en individuos con y sin pérdida de peso reciente.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis prospectivo de cohorte del estudio de salud de las enfermeras y del estudio de seguimiento de los profesionales de la salud.
- El cambio de peso se evalúa cada dos años; la intencionalidad se clasifica según la dieta y la actividad física.
- Diagnóstico de cáncer seguido durante 12 meses después del cambio de peso durante un extenso seguimiento de personas-años.
Principales resultados:
- Los participantes con una pérdida de peso corporal de > 10% mostraron una tasa de cáncer significativamente más alta (1362/100,000 personas-año) en comparación con aquellos sin pérdida de peso corporal (869/100,000 personas-año).
- Los casos de baja intensidad de pérdida de peso tuvieron un riesgo de cáncer marcadamente elevado (2687/100.000 personas-año) en comparación con los controles (1220/100.000 personas-año).
- Los cánceres del tracto gastrointestinal superior fueron notablemente más frecuentes en el grupo de pérdida de peso (173/100.000 personas-año) frente al grupo de control (36/100.000 personas-año).
Conclusiones:
- La pérdida de peso reciente en los profesionales de la salud se asocia con un riesgo significativamente mayor de cáncer.
- Los cánceres gastrointestinales superiores están desproporcionadamente representados entre las personas que experimentan pérdida de peso reciente.
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