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Síntomas de ansiedad y depresión después de la decisión del aborto de Dobbs
Benjamin Thornburg1, Alene Kennedy-Hendricks1,2,3, Joanne D Rosen1,4,5
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
JAMA
|January 23, 2024
Resumen
Después de la decisión de Dobbs, las personas en los estados con leyes de disparo del aborto experimentaron un aumento significativo en los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Este efecto fue particularmente pronunciado entre las mujeres de entre 18 y 45 años en estos estados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- La salud mental
- Impacto social de la ley
Sus antecedentes:
- La decisión de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos de 2022 Dobbs v Jackson sobre la Organización de Salud de la Mujer eliminó el derecho federal al aborto.
- Este fallo llevó a la prohibición inmediata del aborto en 13 estados a través de leyes de activación preexistentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar los cambios en los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión después de la decisión Dobbs.
- Para comparar estos cambios en los estados con leyes de activación frente a los estados sin ellos.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la Encuesta de Pulso de Hogares representativa a nivel nacional (diciembre de 2021 a enero de 2023).
- Modelos de diferencia en diferencias empleados que comparan 13 estados de activación con 37 estados no desencadenantes.
- Se analizaron datos para toda la población y por separado para mujeres y hombres de 18 a 45 años, utilizando el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-4 (PHQ-4) para la medición de los síntomas.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un aumento estadísticamente significativo de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión (puntuaciones de PHQ-4) en los estados desencadenantes en comparación con los estados no desencadenantes después de la decisión de Dobbs (0,11 aumento; P < 0,001).
- Entre las mujeres de 18 a 45 años, el aumento de los síntomas fue significativamente mayor en los estados de desencadenamiento (0,23 aumento; P = 0,002).
- No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los cambios de síntomas después del borrador filtrado del dictamen Dobbs, ni para los hombres de 18 a 45 años después de la decisión final.
Conclusiones:
- Vivir en estados con leyes de disparo del aborto se asoció con un mayor aumento en los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión después de la decisión de Dobbs.
- Los hallazgos destacan el impacto en la salud mental de las prohibiciones del aborto, especialmente en las mujeres jóvenes.
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