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Evolución dirigida de la escisión enzimática del enlace silicio-carbono en los siloxanos

Nicholas S Sarai¹, Tyler J Fulton¹, Ryen L O'Meara¹

¹Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 25, 2024

Resumen

Los científicos diseñaron una enzima bacteriana para descomponer los metilsiloxanos volátiles persistentes (VMS). Este descubrimiento ofrece una solución biológica potencial para degradar estos productos químicos industriales generalizados en el medio ambiente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biotecnología
Ciencias del medio ambiente
La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

Los metilsiloxanos volátiles (VMS, por sus siglas en inglés) son sustancias químicas no biodegradables de importancia industrial producidas en grandes cantidades.
Existen preocupaciones con respecto a la persistencia ambiental del VMS, el transporte a larga distancia y la bioacumulación.
Los métodos actuales para la degradación del VMS son limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Diseñar un biocatalizador capaz de dividir los enlaces silicio-carbono en el VMS.
Explorar las vías enzimáticas para la biodegradación del VMS.
Desarrollar un enfoque sostenible para la gestión de la contaminación por EMV.

Principales métodos:

Se empleó la evolución dirigida para modificar el citocromo bacteriano P450_BM3.
La enzima diseñada fue diseñada para atacar y romper los enlaces silicio-carbono en VMS.
Se utilizaron ensayos bioquímicos para confirmar la actividad enzimática y los mecanismos de reacción.

Principales resultados:

Una variante del citocromo P450_BM3 fue diseñada con éxito para romper enlaces de silicio-carbono en VMS.
La enzima cataliza un proceso de varios pasos que incluye oxidación, reordenamiento e hidrólisis.
Esta enzima de ingeniería funciona como una nueva siloxano oxidasa.

Conclusiones:

El descubrimiento de esta siloxano oxidasa presenta una vía prometedora para la biodegradación de VMS.
La degradación enzimática ofrece una alternativa potencialmente respetuosa con el medio ambiente a las actuales estrategias de gestión del VMS.
La investigación adicional puede optimizar esta enzima para la remediación de VMS a gran escala.

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