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La filogenética computacional revela la historia de las lenguas de signos

Natasha Abner¹, Grégoire Clarté^2,3,4, Carlo Geraci⁵

¹Department of Linguistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 1, 2024

Resumen

Los métodos filogenéticos computacionales revelan las estructuras familiares entre 19 lenguas de signos. Este enfoque ofrece nuevas perspectivas sobre la historia de la lengua de signos, desafiando algunas agrupaciones tradicionales y destacando las influencias geopolíticas.

Área de la Ciencia:

La lingüística
Filogenética computacional
Antropología

Sus antecedentes:

Las lenguas de señas son lenguas naturales que reflejan la historia de la comunidad.
La documentación histórica y los registros lingüísticos para las lenguas de signos a menudo son limitados.
El análisis diacrónico de la evolución de la lengua de signos es un desafío debido a la escasez de datos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Aplicar métodos filogenéticos computacionales para analizar la estructura familiar de 19 lenguas de signos a nivel mundial.
Inferir la relación entre las lenguas de signos utilizando datos léxicos codificados fonológicamente.
Explorar la utilidad de los métodos filogenéticos para el estudio de los cambios de forma regular en las lenguas de signos.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó métodos filogenéticos computacionales.
Analizó datos léxicos codificados fonológicamente de lenguas de signos contemporáneas.
Relación inferida y estructuras familiares entre 19 lenguas de señas diversas.

Principales resultados:

Los árboles filogenéticos inferidos mostraron consistencia con la información histórica conocida.
El estudio desafió ciertas agrupaciones de lenguaje de señas que se habían asumido anteriormente.
Las inferencias filogenéticas no se basaron únicamente en la distribución geográfica, sino que destacaron los impactos geopolíticos.

Conclusiones:

Los métodos filogenéticos computacionales son efectivos para estudiar la evolución y la relación del lenguaje de señas.
Estos métodos proporcionan ideas que superan los enfoques analíticos tradicionales.
Los factores geopolíticos juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo histórico de las lenguas de signos.

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