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Coordinación competitiva de iones de sodio para baterías de metal de sodio de alta tensión con velocidad de reacción
Yaozu Wang1,2, Huicong Yang1,2, Jipeng Xu3
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 9, 2024
Resumen
Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo electrolito para baterías de metal de sodio de alto voltaje, mejorando la estabilidad y el rendimiento. Este avance mejora la eficiencia del recubrimiento de sodio y la vida útil de la batería, allanando el camino para soluciones avanzadas de almacenamiento de energía.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La electroquímica
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Almacenamiento de energía
Sus antecedentes:
- Las baterías de metal de sodio de alto voltaje se enfrentan a desafíos debido a las interfaces electrodo-electrolito inestables y las ventanas electroquímicas estrechas.
- Estas limitaciones están relacionadas con las estructuras de solución de electrolitos, influenciadas por la coordinación catión-anión y catión-solvente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diseñar un nuevo electrolito que modifique la estructura de solvación para mejorar el rendimiento de la batería de metal de sodio.
- Mejorar la coordinación catión-anión y reducir las interacciones catión-solvente.
Principales métodos:
- Se ha desarrollado un electrolito utilizando carbonato de etil (2,2,2-trifluoroetil) y carbonato de fluoroetileno.
- Investigó el impacto de la coordinación competitiva en la estructura de solvatación y las propiedades electroquímicas.
- Se ha probado la reversibilidad del revestimiento/desprendimiento de sodio y la eficiencia de Coulombic en células de sodio.
- Celdas evaluadas de alta tensión Na33Na3V2 (PO4) 2F3 para la capacidad de velocidad y la estabilidad del ciclo.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha logrado un recubrimiento/descubrimiento de sodio altamente reversible con una eficiencia coulombina del 98,0% en las células de sodio, la más alta para los electrolitos a base de éster.
- Se ha demostrado el ciclo estable de las celdas de 4,5 V Na jodida Na3V2 ((PO4) 2F3 con una retención de capacidad del 87,1% después de 250 ciclos.
- El diseño del electrolito mejoró la coordinación catión-anión, aumentando la sensibilidad a la concentración de sal.
Conclusiones:
- La regulación de la coordinación competitiva en las estructuras de solvación de electrolitos es una estrategia viable para las baterías metálicas de sodio de alta energía estables.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen una nueva dirección para el desarrollo de sistemas avanzados de baterías mediante el control de los cambios de entalpía de la estructura de solvación.
- Este enfoque se puede extender a otras sustancias químicas de la batería para mejorar el rendimiento.
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