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La transformación de la selva tropical redistribuye la energía de las redes alimentarias verdes a las marrones
Anton M Potapov1,2,3, Jochen Drescher4, Kevin Darras5
1Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. potapov.msu@gmail.com.
Nature
|February 14, 2024
Resumen
El cambio en el uso de la tierra tropical reestructura drásticamente las redes alimentarias animales. La pérdida de biodiversidad altera el flujo de energía, cambiando los ecosistemas subterráneos de canales de energía fúngicos a bacterianos e impactando la salud del suelo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología
- Biología tropical
- Investigación de la biodiversidad
Sus antecedentes:
- La biodiversidad de los animales terrestres está disminuyendo a nivel mundial debido al cambio en el uso de la tierra.
- Los impactos funcionales y energéticos en las redes alimentarias en los ecosistemas tropicales megadiversos son poco conocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los cambios en los flujos de energía a través de las redes alimentarias subterráneas y aéreas.
- Para comparar la canalización de energía en las selvas tropicales frente a las plantaciones en Sumatra, Indonesia.
Principales métodos:
- Los flujos de energía investigados en las redes alimentarias "verdes" (artrópodos del dosel, aves) y "marrones" (artrópodos del suelo, lombrices).
- Se compararon los bosques tropicales con las plantaciones de palma aceitera y caucho, incluidos los agrobosques de caucho.
Principales resultados:
- Los bosques tropicales canalizan la mayor parte de la energía bajo tierra, principalmente a través de artrópodos.
- Las plantaciones muestran flujos de energía totales similares o más altos, pero cambian el dominio energético a los anelidos (gusanos de tierra).
- El cambio en el uso de la tierra redujo el flujo de energía multitrófica sobre el suelo y disminuyó significativamente la transferencia de energía subterránea a niveles tróficos más altos.
Conclusiones:
- El cambio tropical en el uso de la tierra provoca una profunda reestructuración energética y funcional de las redes alimentarias animales.
- Los cambios en los canales de energía y el consumo de materia orgánica del suelo en las redes alimentarias subterráneas se correlacionan con el agotamiento del carbono del suelo.
- La pérdida de biodiversidad está intrínsecamente ligada a estos cambios energéticos significativos a nivel de los ecosistemas.
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