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Diseñar leyes marco nacionales sobre el clima para permitir una transformación resiliente con bajas emisiones de

Navroz K Dubash

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 15, 2024

Resumen

El cambio climático requiere un enfoque de toda la economía. Las leyes marco sobre el cambio climático están aumentando a nivel mundial, con 56 países promulgándolas para 2020 para limitar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.

Área de la Ciencia:

Derecho del medio ambiente
La política climática
Las relaciones internacionales

Sus antecedentes:

El cambio climático se reconoce como un desafío para "toda la economía, toda la sociedad", que requiere soluciones integrales.
Los países están adoptando cada vez más leyes marco sobre el cambio climático para abordar su escala y alcance.
El Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC, por sus siglas en inglés) proporciona evaluaciones científicas críticas que sirven de base para la formulación de políticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar la tendencia de los países a promulgar leyes marco sobre el cambio climático.
Evaluar la cobertura global de las emisiones a las que se refieren estas leyes.
Comprender el papel de los marcos jurídicos para abordar la naturaleza "de toda la economía, toda la sociedad" del cambio climático.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la legislación nacional relacionada con el cambio climático.
Análisis de datos sobre el número de países con leyes climáticas.
Evaluación del porcentaje de emisiones globales cubiertas por las leyes climáticas promulgadas.

Principales resultados:

Para 2020, 56 países habían promulgado leyes marco sobre el cambio climático.
Estas leyes cubren colectivamente el 53% de las emisiones mundiales de gases de efecto invernadero.
La adopción de dichas leyes indica un creciente compromiso internacional con la acción climática.

Conclusiones:

Las leyes marco sobre el cambio climático son una herramienta de política cada vez más común adoptada por las naciones de todo el mundo.
Una parte significativa de las emisiones mundiales está ahora sujeta a marcos legislativos nacionales destinados a la mitigación.
La tendencia sugiere un movimiento hacia la integración de la acción climática en las estructuras legales nacionales para abordar el imperativo de "toda la economía, toda la sociedad".

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