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Las novedades evolutivas subyacen a la producción de sonido en las ballenas

Coen P H Elemans¹, Weili Jiang², Mikkel H Jensen³

¹Sound Communication and Behaviour Group, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. coen@biology.sdu.dk.

|February 21, 2024

Resumen

Las ballenas baleinas producen sonidos usando estructuras laríngeas únicas, que permiten la comunicación de baja frecuencia. Estas adaptaciones especializadas de la laringe limitan su rango vocal, dificultando la comunicación en medio del ruido del océano y en profundidad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología marina
La bioacústica
La anatomía evolutiva

Sus antecedentes:

Las ballenas ballenas (mysticetes) dependen de las vocalizaciones para los comportamientos sociales y reproductivos en entornos marinos.
Mysticetes adaptado a la vida acuática con cambios fisiológicos, incluidas las especializaciones laríngeas para la producción de sonido.
Mientras que las ballenas dentadas utilizan un órgano nasal, la producción de sonido mysticete a través de la laringe ha carecido de demostración directa.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para demostrar la fonación en la laringe mística.
Para aclarar el mecanismo de producción de sonido en las ballenas.
Investigar los orígenes evolutivos y las limitaciones fisiológicas de las vocalizaciones místicas.

Principales métodos:

Experimentos con laringe de misticeto extirpado de tres especies.
Estudios anatómicos detallados de la anatomía vocal mística.
Modelado computacional de los mecanismos de producción de sonido.

Principales resultados:

Los misticetos poseen estructuras laríngeas únicas para la producción de sonido.
Estas estructuras facilitan vocalizaciones eficientes, moduladas en frecuencia y de baja frecuencia en las ballenas grandes.
El mecanismo de fonación es probablemente ancestral de los místicos y comparte principios con otros mamíferos y aves.

Conclusiones:

La laringe mística ha desarrollado estructuras especializadas para la producción de sonido.
Estas adaptaciones imponen límites fisiológicos a la frecuencia y profundidad vocales.
Estas limitaciones reducen el alcance de la comunicación, especialmente en presencia de ruido antropogénico y a mayores profundidades.

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