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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
2.9K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
17.5K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

58.3K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview01:11

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview

1.5K
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates compounds based on their polarity. TLC typically uses polar silica gel, a form of silicon dioxide, as the stationary phase. The silica gel contains hydroxyl (OH) groups on its surface, which form hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, influencing their adhesion to the stationary phase.
To begin the analysis, a mixture of compounds is spotted on the starting line on the TLC plate using a thin capillary. The bottom of the...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Los polímeros supramoleculares forman tactoides a través de la separación de la fase líquido-líquido

Hailin Fu1,2, Jingyi Huang3,4, Joost J B van der Tol3,5

  • 1Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. h.fu@tue.nl.

Nature
|February 28, 2024
PubMed
Resumen

Los polímeros supramoleculares sintéticos pueden someterse a la separación de fase líquido-líquido (LLPS) para formar tactoides ordenados. Este descubrimiento abre nuevas vías para crear materia blanda estructurada y comprender los condensados biológicos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Física de la materia blanda
  • La biofísica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La separación de la fase líquido-líquido del biopolímero (LLPS) es crucial para la formación de orgánulos sin membrana.
  • Los polímeros supramoleculares sintéticos, análogos a las macromoléculas biológicas, no han sido reportados para someterse a LLPS.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si los polímeros supramoleculares sintéticos pueden someterse al LLPS.
  • Explorar los factores que influyen en el LLPS en los sistemas sintéticos y controlar las morfologías emergentes.

Principales métodos:

  • La polimerización supramolecular de componentes sintéticos para formar fibrillas de crecimiento continuo.
  • Manipulación controlada de entornos de hacinamiento (concentración de dextrano) y de las interfaces.
  • Caracterización de la cinética de separación de fase, morfología tactoide, orden interno, fluidez y propiedades mecánicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Las fibrillas poliméricas supramoleculares de crecimiento continuo impulsan la separación de fase impulsada por la entropía en gotas líquidas anisotrópicas (tactoides).
  • Los entornos de hacinamiento e interfaces influyen significativamente en la cinética de LLPS y en las propiedades de los tactoides resultantes.
  • Se generaron diversas estructuras ordenadas tridimensionales, incluidas las matrices tactoides de superficie.

Conclusiones:

  • Las polimerizaciones supramoleculares sintéticas pueden inducir y controlar el LLPS, formando fases líquidas estables y ordenadas.
  • Este trabajo establece un nuevo paradigma para la creación de materia blanda estructurada a través de la separación controlada de fases.
  • Los hallazgos unen la química sintética y la biofísica, ofreciendo nuevos materiales y conocimientos sobre la organización biológica.