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Promover una buena salud mental durante la transición a la menopausia
Lydia Brown1, Myra S Hunter2, Rong Chen3
1Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Academic Research Collaborative in Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; Healthscope Hospitals, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 8, 2024
Resumen
La transición a la menopausia no aumenta universalmente el riesgo de depresión. Sin embargo, las mujeres con síntomas graves o antecedentes de depresión son más vulnerables. El reconocimiento temprano de los factores de riesgo es crucial para el apoyo a la salud mental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud de las mujeres
- La salud mental
- Endocrinología Reproductiva
Sus antecedentes:
- La transición de la menopausia puede afectar la salud mental de las mujeres, influyendo en las expectativas y respuestas fisiológicas.
- Comprender los riesgos de las condiciones de salud mental durante esta fase es fundamental para una atención médica efectiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar estudios prospectivos sobre la asociación entre las condiciones de salud mental y la transición a la menopausia.
- Para identificar los factores de riesgo específicos para los trastornos del estado de ánimo durante la menopausia.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de 12 estudios prospectivos.
- Análisis de datos sobre los síntomas depresivos, el trastorno depresivo mayor, la ansiedad, el trastorno bipolar y la psicosis.
- Examen de los factores de riesgo psicosociales relacionados con la menopausia.
Principales resultados:
- No se encontró un aumento universal del riesgo de síntomas depresivos o trastorno depresivo mayor durante la menopausia.
- Vulnerabilidad a los síntomas depresivos identificados en los subgrupos con síntomas vasomotores severos, trastornos del sueño, mayor duración de la transición, dinámica hormonal específica o eventos estresantes de la vida.
- Aumento del riesgo de trastorno depresivo mayor predominantemente observado en individuos con antecedentes del trastorno.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesita un cambio de paradigma para diagnosticar y tratar con precisión las condiciones de salud mental durante la menopausia, evitando la atribución errónea a los cambios menopáusicos.
- La atención primaria debe centrarse en reconocer los factores de riesgo para la depresión y proporcionar intervenciones oportunas.
- Se proporcionan recomendaciones para detectar y tratar los síntomas depresivos y promover el bienestar mental durante la transición a la menopausia.
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