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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
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Manejo de la menopausia después del cáncer

Martha Hickey1, Partha Basu2, Jenifer Sassarini3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 8, 2024
PubMed
Resumen

Las sobrevivientes de cáncer a menudo enfrentan síntomas severos de la menopausia, que afectan la calidad de vida. Se necesitan estrategias de manejo efectivas, teniendo en cuenta la seguridad de la terapia hormonal y las opciones no hormonales para los pacientes con cáncer.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • En el campo de la oncología
  • Ginecología
  • Manejo de la menopausia

Sus antecedentes:

  • Millones de mujeres son diagnosticadas con cáncer anualmente, siendo el cáncer de mama el más común a nivel mundial.
  • La mejora de la supervivencia del cáncer lleva a que más mujeres experimenten efectos a largo plazo del tratamiento, como insuficiencia ovárica prematura o menopausia precoz.
  • Los síntomas de la menopausia inducidos por el tratamiento del cáncer a menudo son más graves que la menopausia natural y pueden incluir disfunción sexual, sueño, estado de ánimo y deterioro de la calidad de vida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los desafíos en el diagnóstico y el manejo de los síntomas de la menopausia en las sobrevivientes de cáncer.
  • Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la terapia hormonal menopáusica (MHT) y de los tratamientos no hormonales en pacientes con cáncer.
  • Para resaltar la necesidad de mejores modelos de atención centrados en el paciente para esta creciente población.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura actual sobre el tratamiento de los síntomas de la menopausia en sobrevivientes de cáncer.
  • Análisis de la evidencia con respecto a la terapia hormonal menopáusica (TMH) y las intervenciones no hormonales.
  • Discusión de los desafíos de diagnóstico y los modelos de prestación de cuidados.

Principales resultados:

  • Los síntomas de la menopausia en las sobrevivientes de cáncer pueden ser graves y superponerse con los síntomas relacionados con el cáncer, lo que complica el diagnóstico.
  • MHT es eficaz para los síntomas vasomotores y generalmente seguro para muchos pacientes con cáncer.
  • Los tratamientos no hormonales y no farmacológicos son prometedores, pero la evidencia es limitada, especialmente para las mujeres más jóvenes y los diagnósticos de cáncer de mama. El estrógeno vaginal es seguro para los síntomas genitourinarios, pero las opciones no hormonales son escasas.

Conclusiones:

  • El tratamiento de los síntomas de la menopausia después del cáncer requiere una cuidadosa consideración de la seguridad y eficacia del tratamiento.
  • Hay una brecha significativa en la evidencia para los tratamientos no hormonales y una necesidad de más investigación.
  • Los modelos de atención mejorados, centralizados y centrados en el paciente son cruciales para abordar las necesidades no satisfechas de las sobrevivientes de cáncer que experimentan la menopausia.