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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
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Enfermedades orales comunes: una revisión
Eric T Stoopler1, Alessandro Villa2, Mohammed Bindakhil3,4
1Penn Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
JAMA
|March 26, 2024
Resumen
La boca seca, la candidiasis oral y las úlceras aftosas son problemas orales comunes que afectan la calidad de vida. Los tratamientos de primera línea incluyen sialagogues OTC, antifúngicos tópicos y corticosteroides tópicos, con opciones sistémicas para casos persistentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Oral
- Dermatología
- Enfermedades infecciosas
Sus antecedentes:
- La boca seca, la candidiasis oral y las úlceras aftosas recurrentes son afecciones orales frecuentes que causan molestias significativas y reducen la calidad de vida.
- Estas condiciones están relacionadas con varios factores, incluido el uso de medicamentos, la radioterapia, la inmunosupresión, las deficiencias nutricionales y las enfermedades sistémicas como la enfermedad de Sjögren y la enfermedad celíaca.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la prevalencia, los factores de riesgo y las estrategias de tratamiento de la boca seca, la candidiasis oral y las úlceras aftosas recurrentes.
- Destacar la importancia del diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento adecuado para estas afecciones orales comunes.
Principales métodos:
- Metaanálisis de 26 estudios de cohorte y de sección transversal basados en la población para la prevalencia de sequedad bucal.
- Metaanálisis de 6 cohortes de observación sobre el riesgo de boca seca y candidiasis oral.
- Metaanálisis de estudios controlados de casos que examinan factores genéticos, deficiencias nutricionales y asociaciones sistémicas para la estomatitis aftosa recurrente.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia global de los síntomas de sequedad bucal es del 23%, lo que aumenta el riesgo de candidiasis oral en un 11,5%.
- La candidiasis oral es más común en individuos inmunodeprimidos y está asociada con el uso de antibióticos.
- La estomatitis aftosa recurrente está relacionada con polimorfismos genéticos específicos, deficiencias nutricionales (B12, ácido fólico, ferritina) y enfermedad celíaca.
Conclusiones:
- El tratamiento eficaz de la boca seca, la candidiasis oral y las úlceras aftosas es crucial para el bienestar del paciente.
- Los tratamientos de primera línea incluyen sialagogos de venta libre, antifúngicos tópicos y corticosteroides tópicos, respectivamente.
- Los medicamentos sistémicos pueden ser necesarios para las condiciones orales que no responden a las terapias iniciales.
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