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Tamaño, distribución y vulnerabilidad del carbono inorgánico del suelo mundial

Yuanyuan Huang^1,2, Xiaodong Song³, Ying-Ping Wang⁴

¹Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 11, 2024

Resumen

Los suelos globales almacenan grandes cantidades de carbono inorgánico del suelo (SIC). La acidificación del suelo a partir del nitrógeno puede disminuir este carbono, lo que afecta a las principales naciones y aumenta la pérdida de carbono en las aguas interiores.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del medio ambiente
Ciencias del suelo
Biogeoquímica

Sus antecedentes:

Las reservas mundiales de carbono inorgánico del suelo (SIC) y su vulnerabilidad son poco conocidas.
La cuantificación precisa es crucial para comprender los ciclos globales del carbono y la mitigación del cambio climático.

Objetivo del estudio:

Estimar el tamaño global y la distribución del carbono inorgánico del suelo (SIC).
Evaluar la vulnerabilidad del carbono inorgánico del suelo a los cambios ambientales futuros.
Cuantificar la pérdida anual de carbono inorgánico de los suelos a las aguas interiores.

Principales métodos:

Compilación de 223.593 mediciones de suelo realizadas en el campo.
Desarrollo y aplicación de modelos de aprendizaje automático para la estimación global de SIC.
Síntesis de los inventarios de carbono de las aguas terrestres y la química de los carbonatos de las aguas interiores.

Principales resultados:

Los suelos globales almacenan aproximadamente 2305 ± 636 mil millones de toneladas de SIC en los 2 metros superiores.
La acidificación del suelo debida a las adiciones de nitrógeno podría reducir el SIC global en hasta 23 000 millones de toneladas en 30 años, afectando desproporcionadamente a la India y a China.
Se identificó una pérdida anual de al menos 1,13 ± 0,33 millones de toneladas de carbono inorgánico de los suelos a las aguas interiores.

Conclusiones:

Este estudio proporciona las primeras estimaciones globales exhaustivas de las reservas de carbono inorgánico del suelo (SIC) y su vulnerabilidad.
La deposición futura de nitrógeno y la acidificación del suelo asociada representan una amenaza significativa para el almacenamiento de carbono en el suelo.
La pérdida anual sustancial de carbono inorgánico en las aguas interiores representa un componente crítico y subestimado del ciclo global del carbono.

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