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La vitamina D regula la inmunidad contra el cáncer dependiente del microbioma
Evangelos Giampazolias1,2, Mariana Pereira da Costa1, Khiem C Lam3
1Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 25, 2024
Resumen
La vitamina D mejora la capacidad del sistema inmunológico para combatir el cáncer y mejora las respuestas a la inmunoterapia. Este efecto está relacionado con cambios en las bacterias intestinales, lo que sugiere que la vitamina D afecta la inmunidad contra el cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- En el campo de la oncología
- Investigación del microbioma
Sus antecedentes:
- Se sabe que la vitamina D modula las respuestas inmunes.
- Se ha propuesto un papel potencial de la vitamina D en el cáncer.
- La interacción entre la vitamina D, el microbioma y la inmunidad contra el cáncer no se entiende bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto del aumento de la disponibilidad de vitamina D en la resistencia al cáncer y la respuesta a la inmunoterapia en ratones.
- Para explorar la correlación entre los genes inducidos por la vitamina D y la inmunidad al cáncer en humanos.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos por los que la vitamina D influye en la inmunidad contra el cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- La administración de vitamina D a ratones y la evaluación de su resistencia a los cánceres trasplantables.
- Evaluación de la respuesta de los ratones a las inmunoterapias de bloqueo de punto de control con niveles alterados de vitamina D.
- Análisis de la expresión génica relacionada con la vitamina D en pacientes humanos con cáncer sometidos a inmunoterapia.
- Investigar el papel de las células epiteliales intestinales y la composición del microbioma en la mediación de los efectos de la vitamina D.
Principales resultados:
- Los ratones con niveles más altos de vitamina D mostraron mayor resistencia al cáncer y mejores respuestas a la inmunoterapia.
- Los genes inducidos por la vitamina D en humanos se correlacionaron con mejores resultados en la terapia con inhibidores del punto de control inmunológico.
- El efecto de la vitamina D en ratones fue mediado por las células epiteliales intestinales, promoviendo *Bacteroides fragilis*.
- *Bacteroides fragilis* regula positivamente la inmunidad contra el cáncer.
Conclusiones:
- La vitamina D mejora la resistencia del cáncer inmunodependiente y la eficacia de la inmunoterapia.
- La vitamina D influye en la inmunidad contra el cáncer a través de alteraciones en el microbioma intestinal, favoreciendo específicamente a *Bacteroides fragilis*.
- Los niveles de vitamina D pueden ser un factor crítico para determinar la inmunidad contra el cáncer y el éxito de las inmunoterapias.
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