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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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What are Lipids?01:31

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Lipids function as structural components of cellular membranes, in addition to acting as energy reservoirs and signaling molecules. They are thus crucial to all living organisms.  The three biologically important classes of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids.
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The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches
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El colesterol cambia la alineación interfacial del agua en las membranas celulares modelo

Hanna Orlikowska-Rzeznik1, Jan Versluis2, Huib J Bakker2

  • 1Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 30, 2024
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El colesterol

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La biofísica
  • Biofísica de las membranas
  • Estructura interfacial del agua

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las membranas biológicas dependen del agua interfacial para su estructura y función.
  • El colesterol es vital para las membranas celulares, pero se desconoce su efecto sobre la hidratación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el impacto del colesterol en la estructura del agua interfacial.
  • Examinar cómo el colesterol afecta la hidratación de los lípidos en las membranas de los modelos.

Principales métodos:

  • Espectroscopia de generación de frecuencia de suma vibratoria específica de la superficie.
  • Se estudiaron las monocapas lipídicas de DPPC, DOPC y SM con y sin colesterol.

Principales resultados:

  • El colesterol intercala en el DOPC insaturado sin alterar la cola lipídica o la orientación del agua.
  • El colesterol mejora el empaque de las colas lipídicas saturadas de DPPC y SM.
  • El colesterol aumenta el orden de los grupos de lípidos hidratantes de agua para DPPC y SM.

Conclusiones:

  • El efecto del colesterol en el agua interfacial depende de la saturación de lípidos.
  • La orientación alterada del agua afecta el potencial dipolo de la membrana y las interacciones biomoleculares.
  • Proporciona información sobre los procesos celulares selectivos de dominio como la unión a las proteínas.