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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Autoensamblaje inducido por polimerización/depolimerización bajo equilibrios acoplados de polimerización con

Jiyun Nam1, Changsu Yoo1, Myungeun Seo1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El control dinámico de las cadenas de polímeros a través de la polimerización y la despolimerización reversibles permite el autoensamblaje desencadenado por la temperatura de los copolímeros de bloque en materiales blandos sintonizables.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química de los polímeros
  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La despolimerización ofrece una ruta sostenible para descomponer los polímeros en monómeros.
  • La polimerización y la despolimerización reversibles se pueden controlar por la temperatura.
  • El autoensamblaje de los copolímeros de bloque es crucial para crear nanoestructuras.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Demostrar el control dinámico sobre el autoensamblaje del copolímero en bloque mediante la polimerización/despolimerización reversible.
  • Investigar las transiciones morfológicas reversibles inducidas por la temperatura en los nanoobjetos.
  • Explorar el potencial de estos sistemas dinámicos como materiales blandos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utiliza la polimerización de apertura de anillo de la δ-valerolactona iniciada a partir del óxido de polietileno.
  • Se emplean ciclos de temperatura para inducir la polimerización/depolimerización/repolimerización.
  • Estudió las transiciones morfológicas de los nanoobjetos micelares de copolímero de bloque en disolventes selectivos.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha logrado un control reversible sobre el autoensamblaje del copolímero de bloque mediante cambios de temperatura.
  • Se han demostrado transiciones morfológicas reversibles (por ejemplo, varilla-esfera-varilla, fibra-varilla-fibra) mediante la regulación del parámetro de embalaje.
  • Se observó que la selectividad del disolvente aumenta la despolimerización a temperaturas más bajas debido a los efectos entrópicos.

Conclusiones:

  • El autoensamblaje inducido por polimerización / despolimerización (PDISA) ofrece un nuevo método para la formación dinámica de nanoobjetos.
  • Se lograron con éxito cambios morfológicos sensibles a la temperatura en las micelas de copolímero de bloque.
  • Estos materiales blandos dinámicos exhiben potencial para aplicaciones que requieren propiedades macroscópicas ajustables como la viscosidad.