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La simbiosis Rhizobia-diátomo arregla el nitrógeno que falta en el océano
Bernhard Tschitschko1,2, Mertcan Esti1, Miriam Philippi1,3
1Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
Nature
|May 9, 2024
Resumen
Los microbios marinos
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología marina
- Biogeoquímica
- Relaciones simbióticas
Sus antecedentes:
- La fijación de nitrógeno oceánico (N2) es crucial para la productividad marina y la bomba de carbono biológica.
- La fijación de nitrógeno se atribuye principalmente a las cianobacterias, pero los genes de la nitrogenasa están muy extendidos en otros microbios marinos.
- El papel de los fijadores de nitrógeno no cianobacterianos en el océano sigue siendo en gran medida desconocido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar los organismos fijadores de nitrógeno no cianobacterianos en el océano.
- Para investigar la relación simbiótica entre un nuevo simbionte fijador de nitrógeno y una diatomea marina.
- Evaluar la contribución de estas simbiosis al ciclo del nitrógeno oceánico.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis genómico para identificar genes de la nitrogenasa en microbios marinos.
- Descubrimiento y aislamiento de un nuevo simbionte fijador de N2, "Candidatus Tectiglobus diatomicola".
- Investigando el intercambio simbiótico de nitrógeno fijo y carbono entre el simbionte y su huésped diatómico.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de "Candidatus Tectiglobus diatomicola", un simbionte no cianobacteriano que fija el N2.
- Este simbionte forma una asociación de fijación de nitrógeno con una diatomea unicelular, expandiendo las simbiosis conocidas para los Rhizobiales.
- Las simbiosis Rhizobia-diátomo contribuyen significativamente al nitrógeno fijo en el Atlántico Norte tropical, comparable a las cianobacterias.
Conclusiones:
- Los simbiontes no cianobacterianos como el "Candidatus Tectiglobus diatomicola" contribuyen significativamente a la fijación del nitrógeno oceánico.
- Las simbiosis Rhizobia-diátomo representan una fuente previamente subestimada de nuevo nitrógeno en los ecosistemas marinos.
- Estas simbiosis pueden explicar las tasas de fijación de nitrógeno en vastas regiones oceánicas donde las cianobacterias son escasas.
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