Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jun 25, 2025
07:58
A Protocol for Laboratory Housing of Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri
Published on: April 11, 2018
16.9K
Evolución de la diapausa en el killifish turquesa africana mediante la remodelación del antiguo paisaje regulador de
Param Priya Singh1, G Adam Reeves1, Kévin Contrepois2
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Cell
|May 29, 2024
Resumen
El killifish turquesa africana sobrevive a la sequía usando la diapausa, un estado de desarrollo suspendido. Esta adaptación evolucionó a través de cambios en los elementos reguladores en los antiguos duplicados de genes, que involucran factores de transcripción específicos y un metabolismo lipídico alterado para la supervivencia extrema.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- La genómica
- La bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los organismos utilizan estados de animación suspendida para soportar condiciones ambientales extremas.
- El killifish turquesa africana emplea la diapausa, una detención del desarrollo, para sobrevivir a las sequías severas.
- Los mecanismos evolutivos que impulsan estos estados extremos de supervivencia siguen siendo en gran medida inexplorados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar los fundamentos moleculares y genéticos de la evolución de la diapausa en las especies de killifish.
- Identificar los elementos reguladores clave y los factores genéticos implicados en el desarrollo de la tolerancia a la sequía.
- Investigar el papel del metabolismo lipídico en la diapausa y la supervivencia a largo plazo.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un análisis multiómico integrador, que incluyó la expresión génica, la accesibilidad de la cromatina y la lipidómica, en embriones de killifish.
- La genómica comparativa se usó para estudiar duplicados de genes antiguos (parálogos) en múltiples especies de killifish.
- La edición del gen CRISPR-Cas9 se empleó para perturbar los factores clave de transcripción y evaluar sus funciones funcionales.
Principales resultados:
- La diapausa evolucionó a través de la remodelación reciente de los elementos reguladores que actúan sobre los antiguos duplicados de genes de los vertebrados.
- Los factores de transcripción REST/NRSF y FOXOs fueron identificados como reguladores críticos del programa de expresión génica de la diapausa.
- La diapausa se caracteriza por un perfil lipídico único, notablemente el aumento de los triglicéridos con ácidos grasos de cadena muy larga.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución de adaptaciones complejas como la diapausa puede ocurrir a través de modificaciones de elementos reguladores que controlan los duplicados de genes antiguos.
- Los factores de transcripción específicos y la reprogramación metabólica de los lípidos son fundamentales para la estrategia de supervivencia de la sequía del killifish.
- Comprender estos mecanismos puede permitir estrategias para inducir la animación suspendida para promover la supervivencia a largo plazo en otras especies.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
9.9K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
9.9K
02:32Exon Recombination
3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.1K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.1K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K