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Supercompartidores de noticias falsas en Twitter

Sahar Baribi-Bartov¹, Briony Swire-Thompson², Nir Grinberg¹

¹Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 30, 2024

Resumen

Un pequeño grupo de votantes estadounidenses, denominados "supersharers", amplificaron significativamente las noticias falsas en Twitter durante las elecciones de 2020. Estas personas, a menudo mujeres, adultos mayores y republicanos, retuitearon contenido manualmente, distorsionando la realidad política para muchos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias sociales
Ciencias políticas
Estudios de comunicación

Sus antecedentes:

Los gobiernos pueden difundir noticias falsas, pero la amplificación impulsada por los votantes sigue siendo poco estudiada.
Las elecciones presidenciales estadounidenses de 2020 vieron un uso generalizado de las redes sociales y preocupaciones sobre la desinformación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para identificar y analizar el papel de los votantes comunes en la difusión de noticias falsas en Twitter.
Comprender las características y el impacto de los "supercompartidores" de la desinformación política.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los datos de Twitter de 664,391 votantes registrados en los Estados Unidos durante las elecciones de 2020.
Identificación de 2107 "supercompartidores" responsables del 80% de las noticias falsas compartidas.
Análisis demográfico y de red de los supercompartidores.

Principales resultados:

Un pequeño grupo de 2107 votantes representó el 80% de todas las noticias falsas compartidas.
Los Supersharers alcanzaron el 5,2% de los votantes registrados en la plataforma.
Los supercompartidores eran desproporcionadamente mujeres, adultos mayores y republicanos registrados.
La amplificación del contenido fue manual y persistente, no automática.

Conclusiones:

Los votantes comunes, en particular un pequeño subconjunto de "supercompartidores", juegan un papel crítico en la difusión de noticias falsas.
Esto pone de relieve una vulnerabilidad significativa en las plataformas de medios sociales para los procesos democráticos.
Es posible que se necesiten intervenciones específicas para mitigar el impacto de la desinformación difundida por los supercompartidores.

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