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Las simulaciones predicen la formación de agujeros negros de masa intermedia en cúmulos globulares

Michiko S Fujii1, Long Wang2, Ataru Tanikawa3

  • 1Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 30, 2024
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Resumen

Los cúmulos globulares pueden formar agujeros negros de masa intermedia (IMBH) que exceden las 1000 masas solares. La formación estelar de alta densidad dentro de las nubes madre permite suficientes fusiones para superar el retroceso de las ondas gravitacionales, lo que permite la retención de IMBH.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La astrofísica
  • Evolución estelar
  • Formación de agujero negro

Sus antecedentes:

  • El origen de los agujeros negros de masa intermedia (IMBHs, 100105) sigue siendo un debate significativo en la astrofísica.
  • Se supone que los cúmulos globulares (GC) albergan IMBH formados a través de fusiones de restos estelares y estrellas.
  • Las simulaciones anteriores sugirieron que la formación de IMBH en GC está limitada a <500 M debido al retroceso de las ondas gravitacionales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la posibilidad de que los cúmulos globulares formen IMBHs que excedan los límites de masa simulados anteriormente.
  • Determinar si los entornos de formación de GC pueden facilitar el crecimiento de IMBH más allá del umbral de eyección.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizaron simulaciones detalladas de la formación de cúmulos globulares estrella por estrella.
  • Modelado el impacto de la formación de estrellas de alta densidad dentro de nubes moleculares gigantes en fusiones estelares y crecimiento de agujeros negros.

Principales resultados:

  • Los entornos de formación estelar de alta densidad dentro de las nubes moleculares gigantes pueden impulsar suficientes fusiones estelares masivas.
  • Estas fusiones pueden superar el umbral de masa que anteriormente limitaba la formación de IMBH en GC.
  • Las simulaciones indican la posibilidad de formar IMBHs mayores a 10M.

Conclusiones:

  • Los cúmulos globulares son entornos viables para la formación de agujeros negros masivos de masa intermedia.
  • Las condiciones iniciales de alta densidad de la formación de GC son cruciales para superar las limitaciones de retroceso de las ondas gravitacionales.
  • Los IMBH formados dentro de los GC pueden alcanzar masas lo suficientemente grandes como para permanecer unidos gravitacionalmente, incluso con patadas de retroceso significativas.