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El sistema respiratorio influye en la mecánica de vuelo de las aves que vuelan
Emma R Schachner1, Andrew J Moore2, Aracely Martinez3
1Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. eschachner@ufl.edu.
Nature
|June 12, 2024
Resumen
El divertículo subpectoral (SPD), una extensión respiratoria de las aves, evolucionó de forma independiente en las especies voladoras, lo que sugiere un vínculo con la adaptación al vuelo. Esta estructura mejora el apalancamiento muscular del vuelo, ayudando a las aves a elevarse.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología de las aves
- Biomecánica
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- El divertículo subpectoral (SPD) es una extensión del sistema respiratorio de las aves.
- Su presencia y función en relación con el vuelo no se han aclarado completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la ocurrencia evolutiva y el significado funcional de los DOCUP en las especies aviares.
- Determinar el papel del SPD en la biomecánica del vuelo elevado.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio del aparato pulmonar en 68 especies de aves.
- Utilizó halcones voladores (Buteo jamaicensis y Buteo swainsoni) como organismos modelo.
- Analizó la arquitectura muscular y la mecánica de apalancamiento.
Principales resultados:
- El SPD estaba presente en la mayoría de las aves voladoras, pero ausente en las especies no voladoras, lo que indica una evolución convergente al menos siete veces.
- El SPD no es esencial para la ventilación, pero puede aumentar el apalancamiento del músculo pectoral.
- Los halcones de vuelo exhiben fasciculos musculares pectorales más cortos en comparación con las aves que no vuelan.
Conclusiones:
- La adaptación del SPD para un mayor apalancamiento pectoral, junto con una arquitectura muscular especializada, soporta las contracciones isométricas requeridas para el vuelo en alza.
- Esto pone de relieve un papel mecánico para el sistema respiratorio en la locomoción de las aves y la evolución del vuelo.
- Los divertículos pulmonares pueden poseer otras funciones no descubiertas que influyen en la evolución de las aves.
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