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Los antiguos genomas revelan la vida ritual de Chichén Itzá
Rodrigo Barquera1,2, Oana Del Castillo-Chávez3, Kathrin Nägele4
1Department of Archaeogenetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany. rodrigo_barquera@eva.mpg.de.
Nature
|June 12, 2024
Resumen
Los genomas de los antiguos mayas revelan información sobre Chichén Itzá
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleogenómica
- Arqueología
- La civilización maya
Sus antecedentes:
- Chichén Itzá fue un importante centro maya (600-1000 dC).
- Las conexiones sociales y genéticas de su población siguen sin estar claras.
- El entierro subadulto cerca del Cenote Sagrado proporciona datos únicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la composición genética de los subadultos de Chichén Itzá.
- Explorar el parentesco y las posibles adaptaciones en la población maya antigua.
- Comprender la continuidad genética y los cambios en la Península de Yucatán.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos de todo el genoma de 64 individuos subadultos (AD 500-900).
- Identificación de parientes cercanos, incluidos los gemelos monocigóticos.
- Comparación del ADN antiguo con las poblaciones regionales actuales.
Principales resultados:
- Todos los individuos analizados eran varones.
- Identificaron individuos estrechamente relacionados, incluidos dos pares de gemelos idénticos.
- Se confirmó la continuidad genética con los mayas actuales, con variaciones en los genes inmunes que sugieren adaptación.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona la primera evidencia genética de gemelos en los antiguos entierros mayas.
- La antigua población de Chichén Itzá muestra continuidad con los mayas modernos.
- Las diferencias de genes inmunes sugieren una adaptación a las enfermedades infecciosas poscoloniales.
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