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Inicio de la oxigenación de la atmósfera y el océano hace 2.300 millones de años
Chadlin M Ostrander1,2,3, Andy W Heard4,5, Yunchao Shu4,5
1Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. chadlin.ostrander@utah.edu.
Nature
|June 12, 2024
Resumen
La Tierra temprana
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geoquímica
- Paleoclimatología
- La historia temprana de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento del oxígeno atmosférico (O2) después de la transición Arqueo-Proterozoica fue complejo, no un solo evento.
- Los registros de isótopos de azufre sugieren niveles oscilantes de O2, con retornos a condiciones anóxicas hasta hace 2.200 millones de años.
- Las dinámicas de oxigenación marina durante este período siguen siendo poco conocidas, lo que dificulta una imagen completa de la oxigenación planetaria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la dinámica de oxigenación marina contemporánea con las fluctuaciones de oxígeno atmosférico.
- Para vincular los cambios de oxígeno atmosférico con las condiciones en los primeros océanos de la Tierra.
- Comprender la transición de los "oasis" de oxígeno localizados a una oxigenación más generalizada.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las proporciones de isótopos de talio (Tl) en las pizarras marinas del supergrupo Transvaal, Sudáfrica.
- Medición de la abundancia de elementos sensibles al redox en las mismas muestras de esquisto.
- Correlación de los isótopos de Tl y los datos elementales con los registros existentes de isótopos de azufre de la oxigenación atmosférica.
Principales resultados:
- Las proporciones más bajas de isótopos de Tl autígenos (205Tl/203Tl) indican el enterramiento de óxido de manganeso en los fondos marinos oxigenados.
- Las mayores abundancias de elementos sensibles al oxígeno sugieren aguas oxigenadas expandidas durante el aumento del O2 atmosférico.
- Estas firmas de oxigenación marina desaparecieron durante breves eventos anóxicos atmosféricos.
Conclusiones:
- La oxigenación marina y atmosférica estaban vinculadas durante la transición redox temprana de la Tierra.
- Los datos demuestran un alejamiento de la oxigenación de tipo "oasis" localizada hacia una oxigenación marina más generalizada.
- Este estudio proporciona restricciones cruciales en la historia redox de la Tierra temprana y la evolución de los entornos oxigenados.
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