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Tejidos de ingeniería espectral para el enfriamiento radiativo contra las islas de calor urbanas
Ronghui Wu1, Chenxi Sui1, Ting-Hsuan Chen1,2
1Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 13, 2024
Resumen
Los nuevos textiles con refrigeración radiativa ofrecen comodidad térmica personal. Un tejido jerárquico selectivo espectralmente (SSHF) minimiza la ganancia de calor en las islas de calor urbanas, superando a los emisores de banda ancha en 2,3 ° C.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Ingeniería textil
- Ingeniería térmica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los textiles con refrigeración radiativa pueden mejorar la comodidad térmica personal en medio del aumento de las temperaturas globales.
- Los efectos de las islas de calor urbanas reducen la eficacia del enfriamiento de los textiles al absorber la radiación ambiental.
- Las telas de enfriamiento existentes luchan por mitigar la ganancia de calor de los entornos urbanos circundantes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un nuevo textil que minimice la ganancia de calor en entornos urbanos.
- Diseñar un tejido con propiedades de emisión térmica selectiva.
- Evaluar el rendimiento del nuevo tejido en condiciones urbanas simuladas.
Principales métodos:
- Fabricación de un tejido jerárquico selectivo espectralmente para el infrarrojo medio (SSHF) utilizando diseño molecular.
- Incorporación de una estructura fibrosa híbrida nano-micro para mejorar la reflectividad del espectro solar.
- Prueba del rendimiento térmico de la tela en escenarios urbanos simulados al aire libre.
Principales resultados:
- El SSHF exhibe una alta reflectividad del espectro solar (0,97) debido a la dispersión de Mie.
- El tejido demuestra una emisividad dominante dentro de la ventana de transmisión atmosférica, minimizando la ganancia neta de calor.
- El SSHF logró una temperatura 2,3°C más baja que un emisor de banda ancha en entornos urbanos simulados.
Conclusiones:
- El SSHF desarrollado reduce efectivamente la ganancia de calor del entorno, lo que lo hace adecuado para entornos urbanos.
- La emisión selectiva espectral y la alta reflectividad solar son clave para el rendimiento de enfriamiento mejorado del tejido.
- El SSHF ofrece una solución prometedora para la refrigeración personal portátil en condiciones térmicas urbanas difíciles.
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