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Intervenciones para el alto índice de masa corporal en niños y adolescentes: Declaración de recomendación del grupo
, Wanda K Nicholson1, Michael Silverstein2
1George Washington University, Washington, DC.
JAMA
|June 18, 2024
Resumen
La obesidad pediátrica es una preocupación significativa, que afecta a casi el 20% de los jóvenes estadounidenses. El Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos recomienda intervenciones conductuales intensivas para niños de 6 años o más con alto índice de masa corporal (IMC).
Área de la Ciencia:
- La obesidad pediátrica y la salud pública
- Medicina de prevención de la enfermedad
- Recomendaciones clínicas basadas en la evidencia
Sus antecedentes:
- El alto índice de masa corporal (IMC) afecta aproximadamente al 19,7% de los niños y adolescentes estadounidenses (de 2 a 19 años).
- La prevalencia del IMC alto aumenta con la edad y afecta desproporcionadamente a los jóvenes hispanos / latinos, nativos americanos / nativos de Alaska, negros no hispanos y aquellos de familias de bajos ingresos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia sobre las intervenciones para el control del peso en niños y adolescentes.
- Informar las recomendaciones del Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de los Estados Unidos (USPSTF) para los entornos de atención primaria.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de las intervenciones para la pérdida o el control de peso.
- Evaluación del asesoramiento conductual y la farmacoterapia.
Principales resultados:
- Las intervenciones conductuales integrales e intensivas muestran un beneficio neto moderado para niños y adolescentes de 6 años o más con un IMC alto.
- La evidencia apoya las intervenciones que pueden entregarse o derivarse de la atención primaria.
Conclusiones:
- El USPSTF recomienda a los médicos proporcionar o remitir a los niños y adolescentes (≥6 años) con un IMC alto (percentil ≥95) a intervenciones conductuales integrales e intensivas.
- Esta recomendación se basa en la certeza moderada de un beneficio neto moderado (recomendación B).
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