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Cáncer colorrectal
Cathy Eng1, Takayuki Yoshino2, Erika Ruíz-García3
1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 23, 2024
Resumen
La incidencia del cáncer colorrectal está aumentando en todo el mundo, especialmente en pacientes más jóvenes. Los avances en la terapia sistémica, la cirugía y los tratamientos específicos están mejorando las tasas de supervivencia para este cáncer común.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Gastroenterología
- Oncología quirúrgica
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer colorrectal sigue siendo uno de los principales diagnósticos de cáncer a nivel mundial, con una incidencia creciente en las economías emergentes y una creciente preocupación por los casos de aparición temprana (edad ≤50 años).
- A pesar de la disminución de las tasas en algunas poblaciones de altos ingresos, la carga global general requiere una investigación continua y avances clínicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una visión multidisciplinaria de los avances clínicos recientes en el tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal.
- Destacar las áreas clave de investigación en curso y las direcciones futuras en el tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal.
Principales métodos:
- Esta visión general sintetiza la investigación clínica actual y las perspectivas de los expertos sobre el tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal.
- Examina los avances en la terapia sistémica, las técnicas quirúrgicas y los tratamientos molecularmente dirigidos.
Principales resultados:
- Se han logrado avances significativos en el aumento de las tasas de supervivencia global a través de mejores terapias sistémicas y opciones quirúrgicas.
- La investigación en curso se centra en la preservación del esfínter, la oncología de precisión, el ADN del tumor circulante, el análisis del microbioma y el manejo de las metástasis hepáticas.
Conclusiones:
- Los enfoques multidisciplinarios y la investigación en curso son cruciales para mejorar los resultados en el cáncer colorrectal.
- Las direcciones futuras hacen hincapié en la medicina personalizada y en las estrategias innovadoras locales para combatir esta enfermedad.
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