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Adaptación celular a la terapia del cáncer a lo largo de un continuo de resistencia
Gustavo S França1,2, Maayan Baron1, Benjamin R King2,3
1Institute for Computational Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|July 10, 2024
Resumen
Las células cancerosas se adaptan a las terapias a través de una
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Biología del cáncer
- Biología de sistemas
Sus antecedentes:
- La oncología de precisión ofrece terapias dirigidas, pero la resistencia a los medicamentos limita la eficacia.
- La plasticidad no genética contribuye tanto a la tolerancia a los fármacos transitorios como a la resistencia estable.
- La dinámica de las transiciones de estado celular durante la adaptación a la terapia no se comprende bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la dinámica longitudinal de las transiciones de estado celular en respuesta a las terapias contra el cáncer.
- Definir un marco a nivel de sistemas para comprender el desarrollo de la resistencia a los medicamentos.
- Identificar las vulnerabilidades terapéuticas derivadas de los cambios celulares adaptativos.
Principales métodos:
- Marco longitudinal a nivel de sistemas para rastrear las transiciones de estado celular.
- Análisis de programas de expresión génica y modificaciones epigenéticas.
- Las perturbaciones genéticas sistemáticas para identificar las dependencias metabólicas.
Principales resultados:
- La resistencia a los fármacos surge a través de trayectorias de transiciones de estado celular, denominadas "continuidad de resistencia".
- La adaptación celular implica el ensamblaje gradual de la expresión génica, el refuerzo epigenético y la reprogramación metabólica.
- Los programas de transición de epitelio a mesenquima y de estiramiento facilitan la adaptación, pero no son mecanismos de resistencia completos.
- La adquisición de dependencias metabólicas revela objetivos terapéuticos potenciales.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo de "continuidad de resistencia" explica la adaptación celular dinámica a las terapias contra el cáncer.
- La plasticidad fenotípica, la adaptación al estrés y la reprogramación metabólica son la clave para la resistencia.
- Dirigirse a las transiciones de estado celular adaptativo con terapias complementarias es una estrategia prometedora.
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