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El duradero sumidero de carbono de los bosques

Yude Pan1, Richard A Birdsey2, Oliver L Phillips3

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Los bosques globales mantienen un sumidero de carbono constante, absorbiendo una cantidad significativa de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Sin embargo, se producen cambios regionales, ya que los bosques templados y tropicales de regeneración aumentan su capacidad de hundimiento, mientras que los bosques boreales e intactos tropicales muestran disminuciones debido a las perturbaciones y la pérdida de superficie.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología y climatología
  • Secuestro de carbono en los bosques
  • Los ecosistemas terrestres

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los ecosistemas terrestres, en particular los bosques, juegan un papel crucial en la mitigación del cambio climático mediante la absorción de dióxido de carbono (CO2) atmosférico.
  • Comprender las tendencias a largo plazo y las contribuciones específicas del bioma de los sumideros de carbono forestales es esencial para el modelado climático y el desarrollo de políticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Realizar una evaluación a largo plazo basada en el terreno de las contribuciones de los bosques a la absorción terrestre de CO2 en los biomas globales.
  • Para analizar los cambios a nivel de bioma en los sumideros de carbono del bosque durante tres décadas.
  • Evaluar la capacidad del sumidero de carbono forestal en relación con las emisiones de combustibles fósiles y el impacto de la deforestación.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de datos forestales in situ de biomas boreales, templados y tropicales que abarcan 30 años.
  • Análisis de las tendencias del sumidero de carbono a nivel global y de los biomas.
  • Comparación de la capacidad de absorción de carbono de los bosques con las emisiones de combustibles fósiles y las tasas de deforestación.

Principales resultados:

  • El sumidero global de carbono forestal se mantuvo estable desde la década de 1990 hasta la década de 2010 (aprox. 3.53.6 Pg C año 1).
  • Los bosques de regeneración templados y tropicales mostraron un aumento de los sumideros de carbono (+ 30% y + 29%, respectivamente) debido a la expansión de la superficie forestal.
  • Los bosques boreales e intactos tropicales experimentaron una disminución de los sumideros de carbono (-36% y -31%, respectivamente) debido a la intensificación de las perturbaciones y la pérdida de superficie.

Conclusiones:

  • Si bien el sumidero de carbono forestal global es estable, existen variaciones regionales significativas impulsadas por los cambios en el área de la tierra y los regímenes de perturbación.
  • El hundimiento global de bosques compensa casi la mitad de las emisiones de combustibles fósiles, pero la deforestación tropical niega dos tercios de este beneficio.
  • La capacidad futura de sumidero de bosques puede verse amenazada por el envejecimiento de los bosques, la deforestación en curso y el aumento de las perturbaciones, lo que requiere políticas de gestión de tierras específicas.