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Límites para la adición de bosque tropical degradado al parque de conservación
Robert M Ewers1, C David L Orme2, William D Pearse2
1Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK. r.ewers@imperial.ac.uk.
Nature
|July 17, 2024
Resumen
Los bosques talados, incluso aquellos con una eliminación significativa de la biomasa, conservan un valor sustancial de biodiversidad. Los bosques ligeramente talados (<29% de eliminación de biomasa) son particularmente importantes para la conservación y pueden recuperarse de forma natural.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología
- Biología de la conservación
- Sector forestal
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bosques talados a menudo se perciben como ecosistemas degradados.
- Sin embargo, estos entornos dinámicos pueden albergar una biodiversidad significativa y poseer un valor de conservación.
- Los bosques primarios son insustituibles, pero el valor de los bosques talados a menudo se subestima.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Definir umbrales empíricos para evaluar el valor de conservación de los bosques talados.
- Analizar el impacto de la intensidad de la tala en la presencia de especies y la composición funcional.
- Proporcionar información basada en datos para las estrategias de conservación de los bosques tropicales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 1.681 taxones en 86 órdenes y 126 grupos funcionales en Sabah, Malasia.
- Evaluación de los patrones de ocurrencia individuales en relación con la intensidad de la tala y la eliminación de la biomasa.
- Identificación de los umbrales de degradación de los bosques relevantes para la conservación.
Principales resultados:
- Los bosques ligeramente talados (<29% de eliminación de biomasa) mantienen un alto valor de conservación y una composición funcional en gran medida intacta.
- Los bosques muy degradados (> 68% de eliminación de biomasa) presentan los impactos más extremos en la biodiversidad.
- Se identificaron dos umbrales de conservación distintos basados en la eliminación de la biomasa.
Conclusiones:
- Los bosques talados conservan un valor de conservación considerable y no deben pasarse por alto en los esfuerzos de conservación.
- Los bosques ligeramente talados poseen un alto potencial para la regeneración natural y la recuperación de la biodiversidad anterior a la tala.
- Los bosques gravemente degradados pueden requerir intervenciones intensivas y costosas para restaurar el valor de la biodiversidad.
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