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Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
Marijuana, derived from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, contains...
161
CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents01:22

CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents

137
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
137
Altered States of Awareness01:06

Altered States of Awareness

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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain...
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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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La psilocibina desincroniza el cerebro humano

Joshua S Siegel1, Subha Subramanian2, Demetrius Perry3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. jssiegel@wustl.edu.

Nature
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Una sola dosis de psilocibina afecta rápidamente la conectividad cerebral, interrumpiendo las redes y potencialmente impulsando los efectos terapéuticos. Estos cambios, particularmente en la red de modo predeterminado, persisten durante semanas, ofreciendo información sobre la acción psicodélica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Psicofarmacología
  • Imágenes neurológicas

Sus antecedentes:

  • La psilocibina, un psicodélico, muestra efectos terapéuticos rápidos en humanos e induce neuroplasticidad en animales.
  • La relación entre las alteraciones de la red cerebral y los efectos duraderos de los psicodélicos sigue sin estar clara.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los cambios específicos de la red cerebral individual después de la administración de psilocibina utilizando el mapeo funcional longitudinal.
  • Para correlacionar estos cambios cerebrales con experiencias subjetivas y evaluar su persistencia.

Principales métodos:

  • Mapeo funcional de precisión longitudinal (fMRI) en adultos sanos antes, durante y durante 3 semanas después de dosis altas de psilocibina (25 mg) y metilfenidato (40 mg).
  • Cambios evaluados en la conectividad funcional (FC), distinciones de red y conectividad entre el hipocampo anterior y la red en modo predeterminado.
  • Se realizó un seguimiento de los participantes durante 6-12 meses para una segunda dosis de psilocibina y se evaluaron los efectos persistentes.

Principales resultados:

  • La psilocibina causó una alteración significativa, dependiente de la dosis, de la conectividad funcional cortical y subcortical, que excedió los efectos del metilfenidato.
  • La desincronización cerebral redujo las distinciones de red, con los cambios más pronunciados en la red de modo predeterminado.
  • Las diferencias individuales en los cambios de FC se correlacionan con las experiencias psicodélicas subjetivas.
  • Se observó una disminución persistente de la FC entre el hipocampo anterior y la red de modo predeterminado durante semanas después de la administración de psilocibina.

Conclusiones:

  • La psilocibina interrumpe profundamente la conectividad funcional del cerebro, impulsando la desincronización de la red y alterando las distinciones de la red.
  • La reducción persistente en la conectividad de la red del modo predeterminado del hipocampo puede ser la base de la proplasticidad y el potencial terapéutico de los psicodélicos.
  • Las respuestas cerebrales individuales a la psilocibina están vinculadas a efectos subjetivos, lo que sugiere mecanismos terapéuticos personalizados.