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Asimilación profunda de la corteza durante los incendios de Fagradalsfjall de 2021, Islandia
James M D Day1, Savannah Kelly2, Valentin R Troll3,4
1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. jmdday@ucsd.edu.
Nature
|July 31, 2024
Resumen
Las lavas de la erupción de Fagradalsfjall de 2021 muestran una contaminación significativa de la corteza, a diferencia de las típicas lavas de 2022. Esto indica un estancamiento y asimilación inicial del magma, seguido de un transporte eficiente de magma en erupciones posteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geoquímica
- Volcanología
- Geología Isotópica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las erupciones basálticas activas ofrecen oportunidades para el análisis de series temporales de datos geoquímicos y geofísicos.
- La actividad volcánica de Fagradalsfjall y Sundhnúkur en la península de Reykjanes de Islandia desde 2021 proporciona un estudio de caso único.
- Las interpretaciones anteriores sugerían que las primeras lavas solo reflejaban procesos de fuentes de manto más profundos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la composición geoquímica de las lavas de la erupción de Fagradalsfjall 2021.
- Determinar el papel de la cristalización fraccionada y la contaminación de la corteza en los primeros productos eruptivos.
- Para comparar las firmas geoquímicas de las lavas de 2021 y 2022 para comprender los cambios en los procesos de erupción.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los isótopos de osmio en las lavas volcánicas.
- Medición de las concentraciones de platino (Pt) e iridio (Ir).
- Comparación de las relaciones isotópicas y elementales con lavas basálticas conocidas de Islandia y del mundo.
Principales resultados:
- Las lavas de Fagradalsfjall de 2021 exhiben proporciones de isótopos de osmio y proporciones de platino / iridio muy anómalas, lo que indica una contaminación significativa de la corteza.
- La contaminación fue probablemente causada por la asimilación de los gabros de la cordillera oceánica y los basaltos más antiguos.
- Las lavas de 2022 muestran composiciones basálticas típicas de Islandia, sin evidencia de contaminación de la corteza.
Conclusiones:
- El inicio de la erupción de Fagradalsfjall de 2021 involucró el estancamiento del magma pre-eruptivo, la cristalización fraccionada y la asimilación de materiales de la corteza.
- Un sistema de conductos magmáticos establecido en 2022 facilitó el ascenso eficiente del magma sin una asimilación significativa de la corteza.
- Los isótopos de osmio son potentes marcadores para identificar la contaminación de la corteza en sistemas volcánicos activos.
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