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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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Insuficiencia hepática aguda

Rakhi Maiwall1, Anand V Kulkarni2, Juan Pablo Arab3

  • 1Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 4, 2024
PubMed
Resumen

La insuficiencia hepática aguda (IAH) es una afección grave que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento inmediatos. Comprender sus diversas causas y emplear intervenciones tempranas es crucial para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes y las tasas de supervivencia.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Hepatología
  • Medicina de cuidados intensivos

Sus antecedentes:

  • La insuficiencia hepática aguda (IAH) es una disminución rápida de la función hepática sin enfermedad hepática preexistente.
  • Se presenta con coagulopatía y encefalopatía hepática, lo que representa un riesgo significativo de mortalidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar las diversas causas de la FAL a nivel mundial.
  • Discutir los modelos de pronóstico y las estrategias actuales de gestión de la FAL.
  • Para resaltar la importancia de la identificación temprana y la intervención.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre las causas, el pronóstico y el tratamiento de la ALF.
  • Análisis de agentes etiológicos comunes, incluida la toxicidad de los medicamentos, las infecciones virales y las afecciones autoinmunes.
  • Evaluación de las opciones de tratamiento, incluidos los cuidados de apoyo, el trasplante de hígado y los sistemas de soporte hepático artificial.

Principales resultados:

  • Las causas de la ALF varían geográficamente, siendo comunes la toxicidad de los medicamentos y las infecciones virales.
  • La sepsis y el edema cerebral son las principales causas de mortalidad en pacientes con ALF.
  • El trasplante de hígado ofrece la mejor opción terapéutica, con el intercambio de plasma mostrando utilidad.

Conclusiones:

  • Una investigación etiológica rápida es esencial para guiar el manejo y el pronóstico de la FAA.
  • El reconocimiento temprano y el tratamiento adecuado, incluido el posible trasplante, pueden alterar significativamente los resultados de la FAL.
  • La atención multidisciplinaria es vital para hacer frente a complicaciones como la sepsis y el edema cerebral.