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Un programa de mensajes de texto para dejar de fumar cigarrillos electrónicos para adolescentes: un ensayo clínico

Amanda L Graham^1,2,3, Sarah Cha¹, Megan A Jacobs¹

¹Innovations Center, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC.

|August 7, 2024

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un programa de mensajes de texto ayudó efectivamente a los adolescentes a dejar de fumar. Esta intervención aumentó significativamente las tasas de abandono en comparación con los controles, ofreciendo una nueva herramienta para el abandono de la nicotina en los adolescentes.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Salud de los adolescentes
Intervenciones en salud digital

Sus antecedentes:

Los cigarrillos electrónicos son el producto de tabaco más frecuente entre los adolescentes.
La exposición a la nicotina durante la adolescencia plantea importantes riesgos para la salud.
No existen intervenciones para dejar de vapear para los adolescentes validadas empíricamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la eficacia de un programa basado en mensajes de texto para el cese del vapeo de nicotina en adolescentes.
Comparar las tasas de cesación del vapeo entre un grupo de intervención y un grupo de control de evaluación única.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en grupos paralelos, doble ciego.
Los participantes (de 13 a 17 años) fueron reclutados a través de las redes sociales y asignados al azar para recibir un programa de cesación de mensajes de texto o solo evaluación.
Las evaluaciones de la cesación del vapeo se realizaron a través de mensajes de texto, en línea o por teléfono a los 1 y 7 meses.

Principales resultados:

El estudio incluyó a 1503 adolescentes, con una edad media de 16,4 años.
A los 7 meses de seguimiento, las tasas de abstinencia de prevalencia puntual fueron del 37,8% en el grupo de intervención frente al 28,0% en el grupo de control.
La intervención demostró un aumento estadísticamente significativo en el abandono del vapeo (RR, 1,35; P < .001).

Conclusiones:

Una intervención interactiva de mensajes de texto personalizada aumentó significativamente el abandono del vapeo entre los adolescentes.
Este enfoque de salud digital, entregado a través del reclutamiento de las redes sociales, es prometedor para abordar el vapeo adolescente.
No hay evidencia que sugiera una transición a productos de tabaco combustibles entre los adolescentes que dejan de vapear.