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Los circuitos neuronales sensibles al estrés cambian el microbioma intestinal a través de las glándulas duodenales
Hao Chang1, Matthew H Perkins1, Leonardo S Novaes1
1Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Cell
|August 9, 2024
Resumen
El cerebro
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Inmunología
- Investigación del microbioma
Sus antecedentes:
- Los estados psicológicos negativos afectan la inmunidad a través de alteraciones del microbioma intestinal.
- La conexión precisa cerebro-intestino que influye en la composición del microbioma no se entiende completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de las glándulas de Brunner en la mediación del vínculo entre los estados cerebrales y la homeostasis del microbioma intestinal.
- Para aclarar los circuitos neuronales involucrados en el estrés, las glándulas de Brunner y la función inmune.
Principales métodos:
- Estimulación del nervio vago y ablación celular específica de las glándulas de Brunner en modelos preclínicos.
- Mapeo de los circuitos neuronales mediante técnicas neuroanatómicas.
- Evaluación de la composición del microbioma intestinal y las respuestas inmunes del huésped.
Principales resultados:
- Las glándulas de Brunner median el enriquecimiento de Lactobacillus tras la estimulación del nervio vago.
- La ablación de la glándula redujo los lactobacilos y aumentó la susceptibilidad a las infecciones.
- Se identificó un circuito vagal desde la amígdala central hasta las glándulas de Brunner.
- El estrés crónico deterioró este circuito, imitando los efectos de la ablación de la glándula.
- Estimulando la amígdala central o las neuronas vagales se restablece el microbioma y la inmunidad.
Conclusiones:
- Las glándulas de Brunner sirven como una interfaz crítica que conecta los circuitos cerebrales sensibles al estrés con la homeostasis bacteriana intestinal.
- Esta vía representa un mecanismo clave cerebro-cuerpo que conecta los estados psicológicos con la defensa y la inmunidad del huésped.
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