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1Rohini Pande is at the Department of Economics and Economic Growth Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. rohini.pande@yale.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 12, 2024
Resumen
La pobreza extrema afecta al 8,5% de la población mundial, principalmente en las naciones de bajos ingresos. Estos países se enfrentan a presupuestos de emisiones limitados y vulnerabilidad climática, lo que dificulta las vías de desarrollo tradicionales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Economía del desarrollo
- Estudios sobre el cambio climático
Sus antecedentes:
- El 8,5% de la población mundial vive en la pobreza extrema (< 2,15 dólares al día), concentrada en los países de bajos ingresos.
- Históricamente, el desarrollo económico ha sido intensivo en energía, lo que lleva a altas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en las naciones ricas.
- Los países de bajos ingresos enfrentan presupuestos de emisiones restringidos y una mayor vulnerabilidad a los impactos del cambio climático.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar la intersección de la pobreza extrema, el desarrollo económico y el cambio climático.
- Destacar los desafíos que enfrentan los países de bajos ingresos para lograr un desarrollo sostenible.
- Subrayar la inequidad en las emisiones históricas y la vulnerabilidad climática actual.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos mundiales sobre la pobreza (definición del Banco Mundial).
- Revisión de las emisiones históricas de gases de efecto invernadero per cápita por nivel de ingreso del país.
- Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático en naciones de bajos ingresos.
Principales resultados:
- La pobreza extrema persiste, afectando desproporcionadamente a los países de bajos ingresos.
- Las naciones ricas soportan el peso de la responsabilidad histórica de las emisiones.
- Los países de bajos ingresos tienen una capacidad limitada para el desarrollo intensivo en emisiones y son más susceptibles al daño climático.
Conclusiones:
- Los modelos tradicionales de desarrollo intensivo en energía son incompatibles con los objetivos climáticos para los países de bajos ingresos.
- Abordar la pobreza extrema requiere vías de desarrollo sostenible que consideren las limitaciones climáticas.
- La acción climática global debe tener en cuenta la vulnerabilidad y los recursos limitados de las naciones de bajos ingresos.
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