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Los programas de colonización microbiana están estructurados por la lactancia materna y guían el desarrollo
Liat Shenhav1, Kelsey Fehr2, Myrtha E Reyna3
1Institute for Systems Genetics, New York Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology, New York Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Cell
|September 20, 2024
Resumen
La lactancia materna prolongada promueve el desarrollo microbiano saludable del bebé, reduciendo el riesgo de asma preescolar. El cese temprano interrumpe esta ventana crucial, aumentando el riesgo de asma a través de bacterias y funciones intestinales alteradas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación del microbioma
- Inmunología infantil
- Salud respiratoria
Sus antecedentes:
- La lactancia materna y la colonización microbiana infantil son fundamentales para el desarrollo inmunológico y la salud respiratoria.
- Los mecanismos de los efectos protectores de la lactancia materna y la regulación microbiana siguen sin estar claros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación entre la lactancia materna, los microbiomas infantiles y el asma preescolar.
- Identificar los componentes microbianos y la leche que median los efectos protectores de la lactancia materna.
Principales métodos:
- Perfil de microbiomas nasales e intestinales en 2.227 niños del estudio de cohorte CHILD.
- Análisis de las características de la lactancia materna y la composición de la leche materna.
- Correlación de los patrones del microbioma y los componentes de la leche con el riesgo de asma.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó patrones de colonización y componentes de la leche que predicen el asma preescolar.
- Cesación temprana de la lactancia (antes de los 3 meses) relacionada con la adquisición microbiana prematura (por ejemplo, Ruminococcus gnavus, biosíntesis de triptófano).
- La lactancia materna exclusiva más prolongada se asocia con un desarrollo microbiano acelerado y protección contra el asma.
Conclusiones:
- La lactancia materna prolongada es crucial para la salud respiratoria del bebé.
- Los patrones de colonización microbiana y los componentes específicos de la leche juegan un papel clave en el desarrollo del asma.
- Dirigirse a las vías microbianas puede ofrecer nuevas intervenciones para prevenir el asma infantil.
Palabras clave:
el asmaLa lactancia maternaBiología computacionaldesarrolloSus primeros añosEl microbioma intestinalleche de mujerAprendizaje automáticoDinámica microbianaDesarrollo del microbiomael microbioma nasalsalud respiratoriaMás Videos Relacionados
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