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Transiciones de fase en el muestreo aleatorio de circuitos

A Morvan1, B Villalonga1, X Mi1

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Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los procesadores cuánticos enfrentan desafíos de ruido. Este estudio revela dos transiciones de fase en el muestreo de circuitos aleatorios, lo que demuestra una fase computacionalmente compleja alcanzable con el hardware cuántico actual.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de la información cuántica
  • La computación cuántica
  • Física de la materia condensada

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los procesadores cuánticos son susceptibles al ruido ambiental, degradando el rendimiento y limitando las capacidades computacionales.
  • El benchmarking de entropía cruzada (XEB) se utiliza para estimar el tamaño efectivo del espacio de Hilbert en los procesadores cuánticos.
  • El ruido puede comprometer los algoritmos cuánticos, haciéndolos vulnerables a la simulación clásica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Demostrar experimentalmente y explicar teóricamente dos transiciones de fase observables en el muestreo aleatorio de circuitos utilizando el análisis comparativo de entropía cruzada.
  • Introducir un modelo de enlace débil para analizar la interacción entre el ruido y la evolución coherente.
  • Para establecer la existencia de una fase computacionalmente compleja accesible con los procesadores cuánticos actuales.

Principales métodos:

  • Implementación de un algoritmo de muestreo de circuitos aleatorios.
  • Observación experimental de las transiciones de dos fases mediante el análisis comparativo de la entropía cruzada.
  • Explicación teórica utilizando un modelo estadístico y un modelo de enlace débil.
  • Ejecución de un experimento de muestreo de circuitos aleatorios a gran escala en un procesador de 67 qubits.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron experimentalmente dos transiciones de fase: una transición dinámica con profundidad de circuito y una transición de fase cuántica controlada por la tasa de error.
  • Se desarrolló un modelo de enlace débil para identificar analítica y experimentalmente la transición de fase cuántica.
  • Un experimento de muestreo de circuito aleatorio de 67 qubits y 32 ciclos demostró una complejidad computacional superior a las supercomputadoras clásicas.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio establece la existencia de transiciones de fase en la computación cuántica, ofreciendo información sobre la resiliencia al ruido.
  • Se demuestra que una fase computacionalmente compleja es alcanzable con los procesadores cuánticos actuales, allanando el camino para la ventaja cuántica práctica.
  • Los hallazgos proporcionan un marco para comprender y mitigar el ruido en la computación cuántica.