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La fría enana marrón Gliese 229 B es un binario cercano
Jerry W Xuan1, A Mérand2, W Thompson3
1Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. wxuan@caltech.edu.
Nature
|October 16, 2024
Resumen
Las compañeras enanas marrones de las estrellas, similares a los planetas gigantes, desafían las teorías de formación. Las observaciones revelan que Gliese 229B es en realidad un sistema binario, Gliese 229BaBb, resolviendo discrepancias y planteando nuevas preguntas sobre la formación de enanas marrones binarias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Astronomía y astrofísica
- Ciencias exoplanetarias
- Formación de objetos estelares y subestelares
Sus antecedentes:
- Los compañeros enanas marrones ofrecen información sobre la formación y evolución de los planetas debido a las similitudes con los exoplanetas gigantes.
- Varias enanas marrones son más masivas de lo previsto por la luminosidad y la edad de la estrella anfitriona, lo que sugiere teorías incompletas o múltiples componentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la discrepancia entre las predicciones teóricas y las masas observadas de las compañeras enanas marrones, específicamente Gliese 229B.
- Resolver el aparente objeto único Gliese 229B en sus componentes constituyentes, si los hay.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones de Gliese 229B utilizando el interferómetro GRAVITY.
- Observaciones independientes con el espectrógrafo CRIRES + en el Very Large Telescope.
Principales resultados:
- Ambos conjuntos de observación resolvieron Gliese 229B en dos componentes: Gliese 229Ba y Gliese 229Bb.
- Los componentes tienen masas de 38,1 ± 1,0 y 34,4 ± 1,5 masas de Júpiter (MJup), respectivamente.
- Se orbitan entre sí con un período de 12,1 días y un semieje mayor de 0,042 UA.
Conclusiones:
- El descubrimiento del sistema binario de enanas marrones Gliese 229BaBb resuelve el conflicto entre los modelos teóricos y los datos de observación.
- Este hallazgo plantea nuevas preguntas con respecto a los mecanismos de formación y la prevalencia de sistemas de enanas marrones binarias compactas alrededor de las estrellas.
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