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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

Esophagus

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...

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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: April 12, 2024

Cáncer de esófago

Hong Yang¹, Feng Wang², Christopher L Hallemeier³

¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Ya University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China.

Lancet (London, England)

|November 16, 2024

Resumen

El tratamiento del cáncer de esófago ha avanzado significativamente, con terapias combinadas e inmunoterapia que mejoran los resultados de los pacientes. Esta revisión cubre nuevos enfoques en la detección, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago.

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Área de la Ciencia:

En el campo de la oncología
Gastroenterología

Sus antecedentes:

El cáncer de esófago es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en todo el mundo.
La incidencia del adenocarcinoma esofágico está aumentando en todo el mundo.
Los avances en la detección, la cirugía y las terapias han mejorado el pronóstico.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proporcionar una visión general de los avances en la detección, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer de esófago.
Para resaltar las terapias neoadyuvantes para el cáncer de esófago localmente avanzado.
Para discutir las terapias basadas en inhibidores de punto de control inmunológico.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura y la práctica clínica actuales.
Centrarse en las terapias combinadas (cirugía, quimioterapia, radioterapia).
Se hace hincapié en la inmunoterapia, incluidos los inhibidores del punto de control inmunológico.

Principales resultados:

Las terapias combinadas muestran éxito en el cáncer de esófago localmente avanzado.
Los inhibidores del punto de control inmunológico son estándar en entornos metastásicos adyuvantes y de primera línea.
Son evidentes mejoras significativas en el pronóstico del cáncer de esófago.

Conclusiones:

El tratamiento del cáncer de esófago ha evolucionado con nuevas estrategias terapéuticas.
El neoadyuvante y la inmunoterapia representan avances clave.
La investigación continua es vital para mejorar aún más la supervivencia y los resultados de los pacientes.